In providing diet education for a patient on a low-fat diet, which information is important for the nurse to share?

Fats are found mostly in animal sources.

Unsaturated fats are found mostly in animal sources.

Trans fat should be less than 7% of the total calories.

Polyunsaturated fats should be less than 7% of the total calories.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Stating fats are mostly from animal sources is inaccurate, as plant sources (e.g., oils, nuts) also provide significant fats. A low-fat diet reduces cardiovascular risk by limiting saturated and trans fats, which raise LDL cholesterol. This statement oversimplifies fat sources, ignoring plant-based fats like olive oil, which are beneficial, making it incorrect.

Choice B reason: Unsaturated fats, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated, are primarily from plant sources (e.g., avocados, fish), not animal sources. These fats lower LDL cholesterol, benefiting cardiovascular health. The statement is incorrect, as a low-fat diet encourages unsaturated fats over saturated, which are animal-derived, making this misinformation for dietary education.

Choice C reason: Trans fats, found in processed foods, raise LDL and lower HDL cholesterol, increasing cardiovascular risk. Guidelines recommend keeping trans fat below 7% of total calories to minimize atherosclerosis. This is critical for a low-fat diet, as trans fats disrupt lipid metabolism and endothelial function, making this the correct information to share with the patient.

Choice D reason: Polyunsaturated fats, like omega-3s, should not be limited to less than 7% of calories, as they reduce LDL and inflammation, benefiting heart health. A low-fat diet encourages these fats over trans or saturated fats. This statement is incorrect, as polyunsaturated fats support cardiovascular and metabolic health, not requiring such strict limitation.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Teaching calcium intake to prevent bone loss is primary prevention, aimed at reducing disease risk before it occurs. Calcium strengthens bone density, reducing osteoporosis risk by supporting osteoblast activity and mineralization. This proactive measure prevents bone loss in healthy individuals, addressing the physiological need for calcium to maintain skeletal integrity before pathology develops.

Choice B reason: Secondary prevention involves early detection of disease, like screening for osteoporosis via bone density scans. Teaching calcium intake aims to prevent bone loss before it occurs, not detect it. Calcium supports bone remodeling, but secondary prevention targets existing asymptomatic conditions, making this incorrect for a strategy focused on preventing initial bone loss.

Choice C reason: Tertiary prevention manages existing disease to prevent complications, like rehabilitation after an osteoporotic fracture. Teaching calcium intake prevents bone loss before disease onset, aligning with primary prevention. Calcium enhances bone strength, but tertiary prevention focuses on restoring function post-disease, not preventing initial bone density loss, making this incorrect.

Choice D reason: Residual prevention is not a recognized term in public health. Teaching calcium intake is primary prevention, as it promotes bone health to prevent osteoporosis. Calcium supports bone matrix formation, reducing fracture risk. Incorrect terms like residual prevention do not apply, as prevention levels are clearly defined as primary, secondary, or tertiary in medical practice.

A. Encourage the client to perform incentive spirometry 2 to 3 times every 1 to 2 hours, if possible. B. Instruct the client to inhale slowly and as deeply as possible through the mouthpiece, without using the nose. C. Instruct the client to inhale normally and then place the lips securely around the mouthpiece. D. When the client cannot inhale anymore, the client should hold his breath and count to 10.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Performing incentive spirometry 2 to 3 times every 1 to 2 hours is insufficient. Guidelines recommend 5-10 breaths per session, hourly if possible, to maximize lung expansion and prevent atelectasis. This frequency is too low to effectively improve ventilation, per postoperative pulmonary care protocols.

Choice B reason: Instructing the client to inhale slowly and deeply through the mouthpiece, without using the nose, ensures effective lung expansion. Slow inhalation raises the spirometer’s piston, opening alveoli, while nasal occlusion maximizes airflow. This technique prevents atelectasis, aligning with respiratory therapy and postoperative care guidelines.

Choice C reason: Inhaling normally before placing lips on the mouthpiece is incorrect, as incentive spirometry requires a maximal inspiratory effort, not a normal breath, to expand alveoli. Normal inhalation limits lung volume, reducing the device’s effectiveness in preventing postoperative atelectasis, per pulmonary rehabilitation principles.

Choice D reason: Holding the breath for 10 seconds after inhalation is excessive, as 3-5 seconds is sufficient to sustain alveolar expansion. A prolonged hold may cause discomfort or dizziness, reducing compliance. This instruction does not align with standard incentive spirometry protocols for postoperative lung function improvement.

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In providing diet education for a patient on a low-fat diet, which information is important for the nurse to share?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching clients on the need for calcium intake to prevent bone loss. What level of prevention does this represent?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is educating a postoperative client on how to use an incentive spirometer. What is an accurate statement that should be included in the education plan?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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