In the early 20th century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors. Which descriptions procedure is accurate?

A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid.

A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus.

A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain.

A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Drilling holes in the skull to drain fluid is more aligned with procedures for treating conditions like hydrocephalus (accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain) rather than a lobotomy. A lobotomy involves more invasive alterations to brain tissue.
B.   In a prefrontal lobotomy, the surgeon would sever the connections between the frontal lobes and other parts of the brain, including the thalamus, to disrupt neural pathways. This was done in an attempt to alter behavior and mood. The procedure aimed to modify the function of the frontal lobes to reduce symptoms of severe mental disorders, but it often had significant and detrimental side effects.
C.   This description refers to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), not a lobotomy. ECT involves applying electrical currents to the brain to induce controlled seizures and is used to treat severe depression and other mental health conditions. It is different from the surgical approach of a lobotomy.
D.   This description does not accurately describe a lobotomy. The lobotomy procedure involved cutting or damaging brain tissue rather than inserting implants. The insertion of implants into the brain is not characteristic of lobotomy and is not a common practice in the historical context of this procedure.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A history of a brain tumor does not automatically exclude a person from ECT, but it requires careful consideration and evaluation. It would be essential to conduct a thorough assessment, including imaging studies and consultations with specialists, to ensure that ECT would be safe and appropriate in this context.
B. This option is a strong candidate for ECT. ECT is particularly effective for individuals with severe, treatment-resistant depression, especially when other interventions such as medication and psychotherapy have not been successful. ECT is often considered when depression is severe, persistent, and significantly impairs functioning or poses a risk to life.
C. ECT is generally not indicated for mild depression. The treatment is typically reserved for more severe cases where other forms of treatment have failed or when rapid response is necessary. Mild depression can often be managed effectively with psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, without the need for ECT.
D. While ECT can be considered for individuals with severe depression and underlying medical conditions, congestive heart failure (CHF) adds a layer of complexity. However, ECT can still be considered if the potential benefits outweigh the risks, and if the patient is carefully monitored and managed by a multidisciplinary team.

A. "I know you will do well living out in the community." B. "I will send you a note in a few weeks." C. "How do you feel about being discharged?" D. "Aren't you excited about being discharged today?"

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While this is positive reinforcement, it doesn't directly address the client's expression of gratitude. It's important to acknowledge the client's feelings first.
B. This response avoids the client's expression of gratitude and shifts the focus to the nurse.
C. This response acknowledges the client's expression of gratitude and opens up a dialogue about their feelings about discharge. It allows the nurse to provide support and address any concerns the client might have.
D. This response assumes the client's feelings and doesn't allow for the expression of other emotions. The client might not be excited about discharge for various reasons.

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In the early 20th century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors. Which descriptions procedure is accurate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which client would be a candidate for Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with whom he has developed a therapeutic relationship and who will be discharged later in the day. The client than the nurse for his help during the hospitalization. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

When practicing therapeutic communication with a client, the nurse demonstrates which of the following listening skills?

After establishing a no-harm contract with the client, the nurse should:

What is the primary therapeutic use of Prozac?

Which of the following is an effective communication technique that should be included in the teaching plan for the family members of a woman in whom Alzheimer's disease has been diagnosed recently?

The majority of people function in a relatively healthy manner. What can most strongly diminish their functional capacity?

A home health nurse has a patient who is taking lithium. What should be included in the teaching plan?

A nurse is preparing to change the dressing on the lower leg of an older adult client who is in a wheelchair, and has a history of maladaptive coping skills. The client begins swearing at and verbally abusing the nurse. Which of the following actions should the nurse to take?