In which client does the nurse consider the presence of an S3 heart sound to be normal?
In a client with an indwelling pacemaker
In a client who is in elementary school
In a client who is an older adult
In a client who is diagnosed with heart failure
The Correct Answer is B
A. In a client with an indwelling pacemaker: An S3 heart sound is not typically associated with pacemaker use and may suggest underlying heart dysfunction. In adults, it often indicates volume overload or decreased ventricular compliance.
B. In a client who is in elementary school: An S3 sound can be a normal finding in children and young adults due to their compliant ventricles and strong cardiac output. It often disappears with age and is considered "physiologic S3." It is usually soft, low-pitched, and heard best at the apex of the heart.
C. In a client who is an older adult: In older adults, an S3 sound is usually abnormal and may be an early indicator of heart failure or ventricular dysfunction. It suggests poor ventricular compliance and fluid overload.
D. In a client who is diagnosed with heart failure: An S3 sound is commonly heard in heart failure but is not considered normal. It reflects increased filling pressures and reduced ventricular function, making it a key sign of worsening cardiac status.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Pasta: While pasta may contain small amounts of potassium, it is not considered a significant source. It is primarily a carbohydrate and not beneficial for potassium replacement in clients on diuretics like furosemide.
B. Coffee: Coffee contains minimal potassium and may have diuretic properties of its own, which could further contribute to fluid and electrolyte loss. It is not an appropriate choice for potassium supplementation.
C. Peanut butter: Peanut butter is a good dietary source of potassium. Including potassium-rich foods like peanut butter helps prevent hypokalemia, a common side effect of furosemide due to increased urinary potassium excretion.
D. Angel food cake: Angel food cake is low in potassium and mainly composed of sugar and egg whites. It does not offer nutritional value for managing electrolyte balance in clients taking loop diuretics.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. An angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB): ARBs, such as losartan or valsartan, block the angiotensin II receptor but are pharmacologically distinct from ACE inhibitors. Captopril is not classified in this drug group.
B. A calcium channel blocker: Calcium channel blockers, such as amlodipine, reduce blood pressure by relaxing vascular smooth muscle. Captopril does not function through calcium channel modulation and is unrelated to this class.
C. An angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE) inhibitor: Captopril is an ACE inhibitor that lowers blood pressure and reduces afterload by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. It is commonly prescribed for heart failure management to improve cardiac output and prevent fluid overload.
D. A thiazide diuretic: Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide promote sodium and water excretion. They help manage hypertension but work differently from captopril, which targets the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
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