A client with HIV will be started on a medication regimen of three medications. What class of drugs will the nurse instruct the client about?

Hydroxyurea

Anticholinergics

Disinhibitors

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hydroxyurea: Hydroxyurea is a chemotherapeutic agent primarily used in conditions like sickle cell disease and some cancers. It is not part of standard antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV management.
B. Anticholinergics: Anticholinergics are used to reduce secretions or treat conditions like asthma and overactive bladder. They are not used in the treatment of HIV and do not affect viral replication.
C. Disinhibitors: "Disinhibitors" is not a recognized pharmacological class in the treatment of HIV. The term "disinhibitor" might be used in other contexts, such as describing the effects of certain substances on behavior, but it's not a pharmacological classification for HIV medications.
D. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors: These are a cornerstone of HIV treatment. They inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which the virus uses to convert its RNA into DNA. This class includes both NRTIs and NNRTIs and is typically used in combination therapy.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Give the client one medicine at a time and observe for allergic reactions: This approach is unsafe and reactive rather than preventive. Administering medications without confirming ingredients risks triggering a serious allergic reaction.
B. Administer the medications that the physician ordered: Medications should never be given without verifying they are safe for the client, especially when allergies are known. Doing so could result in a life-threatening hypersensitivity response.
C. Consult drug references to make sure the medicines do not contain substances to which the client is hypersensitive: This is the safest and most appropriate action. The nurse must verify all ordered medications to ensure they do not contain allergens. Cross-checking with reliable drug references ensures safe administration.
D. Call the pharmacy and let them know the client has several drug allergies: While notifying the pharmacy is helpful, the nurse is still responsible for verifying medication safety before administration. This action alone does not replace the need for direct confirmation of drug components.

A. Congenital neural tube defect B. Pacemaker inserted 2 years ago C. One-pack-a-day smoker for 20 years D. Rheumatic fever

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Congenital neural tube defect: This condition affects the central nervous system and is unrelated to the structure or function of the heart valves. It does not contribute to the development of mitral regurgitation.
B. Pacemaker inserted 2 years ago: While a pacemaker reflects a history of cardiac rhythm issues, it does not directly affect the mitral valve. It provides less diagnostic value for assessing structural valve disorders.
C. One-pack-a-day smoker for 20 years: Smoking is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular problems like hypertension. While these can indirectly affect the heart, smoking is not a primary cause of mitral valve damage leading to regurgitation.
D. Rheumatic fever: Rheumatic fever is a leading cause of mitral valve damage, often resulting in regurgitation due to scarring and deformation of the valve as a complication of untreated or poorly treated strep throat infection. This history is highly relevant and provides strong diagnostic value.

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A client with HIV will be started on a medication regimen of three medications. What class of drugs will the nurse instruct the client about?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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