Infants in whom cephalohematomas develop are at increased risk for:
Caput succedaneum.
Jaundice.
Infection.
Erythema toxicum.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Caput succedaneum is swelling of the soft tissues of the newborn's scalp, often caused by pressure during vaginal delivery. It is a separate condition from cephalohematoma, which involves bleeding between the periosteum and the skull bone. Therefore, cephalohematoma does not increase the risk for caput succedaneum.
Choice B rationale
Jaundice, or hyperbilirubinemia, is a common condition in newborns due to the breakdown of fetal red blood cells and the immature liver's inability to efficiently process bilirubin. Cephalohematomas involve the rupture of blood vessels, leading to an increased breakdown of red blood cells. This releases more bilirubin into the bloodstream, thus elevating the risk of jaundice in infants with cephalohematomas. Normal total bilirubin levels in newborns range from 1 to 12 mg/dL, varying with age in days.
Choice C rationale
Infection is a risk associated with any break in the skin or invasive procedure, but a cephalohematoma itself is a collection of blood beneath the periosteum and does not inherently create an open wound or direct pathway for infection. While infection of a cephalohematoma is possible, it is not a primary increased risk associated with its development.
Choice D rationale
Erythema toxicum is a common, benign skin rash seen in newborns, characterized by small, yellow-white papules or pustules surrounded by red skin. Its etiology is unknown but it is thought to be an inflammatory reaction of the hair follicles. It is not related to the presence or development of a cephalohematoma.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Mongolian spots are benign, flat bluish or bluish-gray birthmarks that commonly appear on the buttocks, lower back, or thighs of newborns, particularly those with darker skin tones, including African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics. They are caused by the entrapment of melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) deep within the dermis during fetal development. These spots typically fade spontaneously within a few years and are not indicative of any underlying medical condition or trauma.
Choice B rationale
Lanugo is fine, downy hair that covers the body of some newborns, especially preterm infants. It is usually shed within the last few weeks of gestation or shortly after birth and is unrelated to bruising or pigmented spots on the buttocks.
Choice C rationale
Nevus flammeus, also known as a port-wine stain, is a vascular malformation of the skin that appears as a flat, pink, red, or purple birthmark. It is caused by dilated capillaries and does not typically occur as bluish spots on the buttocks. Port-wine stains are usually permanent and may darken with age.
Choice D rationale
Vascular nevus, also known as a strawberry hemangioma, is a raised, red, bumpy birthmark composed of extra blood vessels. While it is a type of birthmark, it does not present as flat, bluish spots on the buttocks. Hemangiomas typically grow rapidly in the first few months of life and then gradually shrink over several years.
Correct Answer is ["7"]
Explanation
Step 1: Heart rate of 110/min scores 2 points (normal heart rate >100).
Step 2: Slow weak cry scores 1 point (good strong cry scores 2, no cry scores 0).
Step 3: Some flexion of extremities scores 1 point (active movement scores 2, limp scores 0).
Step 4: Grimace in response to suctioning scores 1 point (coughing or sneezing scores 2, no response scores 0).
Step 5: Body pink, blue extremities scores 1 point (completely pink scores 2, completely blue or pale scores 0).
Step 6: Total Apgar score is the sum of the scores from each category: 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 7. Final calculated answer: 7.
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