The student nurse learns that the process in which bilirubin is changed from a fat-soluble product to a water-soluble product is known as:

Choice A rationale

Applying heat to the breasts in mastitis can increase blood flow and potentially worsen inflammation. While heat can be comforting for engorgement, in mastitis, it may exacerbate the inflammatory response and should be used cautiously or avoided in the acute phase. The primary goal is to remove milk and reduce inflammation.

Choice B rationale

Removing the nursing bra might provide some temporary comfort if the bra is too tight and constricting milk flow. However, it does not address the underlying infection or inflammation of mastitis. Supportive nursing bras are generally recommended to provide support without restricting milk ducts.

Choice C rationale

Given the early indications of mastitis, such as a hard, warm area in the breast, moderate lochia rubra (which is normal for postpartum day 3), and a fundus appropriately descended, additional interventions are indeed indicated to prevent the progression of the infection and promote healing. Ignoring these signs could lead to a more severe infection.

Choice D rationale

Continued breastfeeding is crucial for managing mastitis. Frequent emptying of the breasts helps to remove the stagnant milk, which can contribute to the infection. Breast milk has antimicrobial properties that can aid in resolving the infection. Encouraging the client to breastfeed frequently on the affected side, starting with that side, promotes drainage and healing.

Choice A rationale

Hyperemesis gravidarum is severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, typically occurring in the first trimester. While amniocentesis can cause some discomfort, it is not a known risk factor for hyperemesis.

Choice B rationale

Proteinuria is the presence of protein in the urine, which can be a sign of preeclampsia, a condition that can occur later in pregnancy. Amniocentesis, usually performed in the second trimester, is not directly linked to causing proteinuria.

Choice C rationale

Amniocentesis is an invasive procedure that involves inserting a needle through the abdominal wall and uterus to withdraw amniotic fluid. This procedure carries a risk of bleeding or hemorrhage from the insertion site or within the uterus. Therefore, observing for signs of hemorrhage is a crucial nursing intervention post-amniocentesis.

Choice D rationale

Hypoxia is a condition of insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues. While complications of amniocentesis could indirectly lead to fetal hypoxia in rare cases (e.g., placental abruption), it is not a direct and common complication to observe for in the mother. Hemorrhage is a more immediate and direct risk for the mother. .