Jo is a client with Type 1 Diabetes. Jo has a blood glucose level of 644 mg/dL. The nurse interprets that this client is most at risk of developing which type of acid-base imbalance?

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Metabolic acidosis is a condition where the blood pH is lower than normal, due to an excess of acids or a loss of bases in the body. Jo is most at risk of developing metabolic acidosis, because of the high blood glucose level. High blood glucose can cause diabetic ketoacidosis, a complication of Type 1 Diabetes, where the body breaks down fat for energy and produces ketones, which are acidic substances. Ketones can accumulate in the blood and lower the pH, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fruity breath, and confusion.

Choice B reason: Metabolic alkalosis is a condition where the blood pH is higher than normal, due to an excess of bases or a loss of acids in the body. Jo is not likely to develop metabolic alkalosis, because of the high blood glucose level. Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by conditions such as vomiting, diuretic use, or excessive antacid intake, which can increase the bicarbonate level or decrease the chloride level in the blood. These conditions are not related to Jo's diabetes.

Choice C reason: Respiratory acidosis is a condition where the blood pH is lower than normal, due to an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the body. Jo is not prone to developing respiratory acidosis, because of the high blood glucose level. Respiratory acidosis can be caused by conditions that impair the lung function, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or pneumonia, which can reduce the ventilation and increase the carbon dioxide level in the blood. These conditions are not related to Jo's diabetes.

Choice D reason: Respiratory alkalosis is a condition where the blood pH is higher than normal, due to a loss of carbon dioxide in the body. Jo is not susceptible to developing respiratory alkalosis, because of the high blood glucose level. Respiratory alkalosis can be caused by conditions that increase the breathing rate, such as anxiety, fever, or hyperventilation, which can reduce the carbon dioxide level in the blood. These conditions are not related to Jo's diabetes.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This statement is false. A sugar-water pacifier does not help the vaccination be more effective. Vaccinations are effective because they stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against a specific disease.

Choice B reason: This statement is false. A sugar-water pacifier does not prevent hypoglycemia from the stress of the injection. Hypoglycemia is a condition where the blood sugar level is too low, which can cause symptoms such as sweating, trembling, confusion, or seizures. A sugar-water pacifier does not provide enough glucose to prevent hypoglycemia.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. A sugar-water pacifier does not provide additional calories to prevent malnourishment. Malnourishment is a condition where the body does not get enough nutrients, such as protein, vitamins, and minerals, to function properly. A sugar-water pacifier does not provide enough nutrients to prevent malnourishment.

Choice D reason: This statement is true. A sugar-water pacifier soothes and distracts the infant from pain. Sugar-water has a sweet taste that activates the endorphin system, which reduces pain perception. A pacifier also provides oral stimulation and comfort, which distracts the infant from the pain of the injection.

A. Eat a piece of pizza B. Take an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin C. Eat 15 g of simple carbohydrates D. Drink some diet pop

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Eating a piece of pizza is not a good option for the student. Pizza is a complex carbohydrate that contains fat and protein, which can delay the absorption of glucose and cause unpredictable blood sugar levels. The student needs a simple carbohydrate that can quickly raise her blood sugar level, such as glucose tablets, fruit juice, or candy.

Choice B reason: Taking an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin is a dangerous option for the student. Insulin lowers the blood sugar level, and the student already has symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), such as headache, vision changes, and anxiety. Taking more insulin can worsen her condition and cause seizures, coma, or death.

Choice C reason: Eating 15 g of simple carbohydrates is the best option for the student. Simple carbohydrates are easily digested and absorbed into the bloodstream, and can raise the blood sugar level within 15 minutes. The student should eat 15 g of simple carbohydrates, such as four glucose tablets, half a cup of fruit juice, or three pieces of hard candy, and then check her blood sugar level if possible.

Choice D reason: Drinking some diet pop is not a helpful option for the student. Diet pop does not contain any sugar or calories, and will not affect the blood sugar level. The student needs a source of glucose to treat her hypoglycemia, and diet pop will not provide that.

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Jo is a client with Type 1 Diabetes. Jo has a blood glucose level of 644 mg/dL. The nurse interprets that this client is most at risk of developing which type of acid-base imbalance?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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