Moving your arm away from the midline is called:

Choice A reason: Appositional growth is the correct answer. It refers to the process by which bones increase in diameter or thickness. This occurs when osteoblasts in the periosteum lay down new bone matrix on the outer surface, while osteoclasts resorb bone on the inner surface to maintain proper proportions.

Choice B reason: Concentric growth is not a recognized term in bone physiology. It may refer to circular layering in osteons but not to bone thickening.

Choice C reason: Interstitial growth occurs within cartilage and is responsible for lengthening during development. It does not contribute to bone thickness.

Choice D reason: Circumferential growth is a vague term and not commonly used in bone biology. It may imply growth around the circumference but is not the standard term for bone thickening.

Choice E reason: Epiphyseal plate closure marks the end of longitudinal bone growth during adolescence. It does not relate to increasing bone thickness.

Choice A reason: Hinge joints allow movement in one plane, such as flexion and extension, seen in the elbow and knee. They do not permit gliding motions.

Choice B reason: Plane joints are the correct answer. They allow bones to slide past each other in any direction along the plane of the joint. The carpal bones in the wrist articulate via plane joints, enabling gliding movements.

Choice C reason: Ball-and-socket joints allow multi-directional movement and rotation, such as in the shoulder and hip. They are not involved in the gliding motion of carpal bones.

Choice D reason: Condyloid joints permit movement in two planes, such as flexion/extension and abduction/adduction. They are found in the wrist but not between carpal bones.

Choice E reason: Pivot joints allow rotational movement around a single axis, such as the joint between the atlas and axis vertebrae. They do not facilitate gliding.