What does the nurse expect the healthcare provider to prescribe when a post-kidney transplant client develops oliguria, elevated temperature of 37.8°C, increased blood pressure, and signs of fluid retention 12 days after the surgery?

Immediate return to hemodialysis.

Immediate removal of the transplanted kidney.

Antibiotic therapy.

Increased doses of immunosuppressive drugs.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Immediate return to hemodialysis is not typically the first line of treatment for these symptoms. Hemodialysis is a renal replacement therapy used when the kidneys are not functioning adequately. While it may be necessary in some cases, the symptoms described suggest an infection rather than complete kidney failure.

Choice B reason: Immediate removal of the transplanted kidney is a drastic measure and is not the first step in managing these symptoms. This action would be considered only if there is clear evidence of irreversible graft failure or severe complications that cannot be managed with other treatments.

Choice C reason: Antibiotic therapy is

The correct answer. The symptoms of oliguria (low urine output), elevated temperature, increased blood pressure, and signs of fluid retention suggest an infection, which is a common complication after kidney transplantation due to the immunosuppressive medications that lower the immune system's ability to fight infections. Treating the infection with antibiotics is crucial to prevent further complications and preserve the function of the transplanted kidney.

Choice D reason: Increased doses of immunosuppressive drugs are not appropriate in this situation. While immunosuppressive drugs are essential to prevent organ rejection, increasing their dosage in the presence of an infection could further compromise the immune system and exacerbate the infection. The priority is to address the infection first.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Monitoring intake and output is important in managing cirrhosis and ascites, as it helps track fluid balance and detect early signs of fluid retention. However, this action alone does not directly decrease the presence of ascites. It is more of a monitoring tool than an intervention that reduces fluid accumulation.

Choice B reason: Providing a low-sodium diet is a key intervention to decrease the presence of ascites in patients with cirrhosis. Sodium restriction helps prevent fluid retention by reducing the amount of sodium in the bloodstream, which in turn decreases the osmotic pressure that draws fluid into the abdominal cavity. This dietary modification is fundamental in the management of ascites.

Choice C reason: Increasing oral fluid intake is not an appropriate action for decreasing the presence of ascites in patients with cirrhosis. Excessive fluid intake can exacerbate fluid retention and worsen ascites. Instead, fluid intake may need to be restricted depending on the patient's condition and electrolyte balance.

Choice D reason: Weighing the patient daily is a useful tool for monitoring fluid status and detecting changes in ascites. However, similar to monitoring intake and output, this action does not directly decrease the presence of ascites. It serves as a means to track the effectiveness of other interventions, such as sodium restriction and medication.

A. Decreased calcium. B. Decreased BUN. C. Decreased hemoglobin. D. Decreased potassium. E. Elevated creatinine. F. Increased phosphorus. G. Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E","F","G"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Decreased calcium is expected in end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to impaired kidney function. The kidneys are responsible for converting vitamin D into its active form, which helps in calcium absorption. Reduced kidney function leads to decreased active vitamin D, resulting in lower calcium levels.

Choice B reason: Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is not typical in CKD. Instead, BUN levels usually increase because the kidneys are less able to remove urea from the blood. Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism, and elevated BUN is indicative of impaired kidney function.

Choice C reason: Decreased hemoglobin is expected in CKD due to reduced production of erythropoietin by the kidneys. Erythropoietin stimulates the production of red blood cells, and a lack of it leads to anemia, reflected by lower hemoglobin levels.

Choice D reason: Decreased potassium is not typically seen in CKD. In fact, potassium levels often increase because the kidneys are less able to excrete it. Hyperkalemia (high potassium) is a common complication in CKD and requires careful monitoring.

Choice E reason: Elevated creatinine is expected in CKD. Creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism, and elevated levels indicate impaired kidney function as the kidneys are less able to clear it from the blood.

Choice F reason: Increased phosphorus is a common finding in CKD due to the kidneys' reduced ability to excrete phosphorus. This can lead to hyperphosphatemia, which can cause secondary hyperparathyroidism and further complications.

Choice G reason: Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a hallmark of CKD. GFR measures how well the kidneys are filtering blood, and a lower GFR indicates reduced kidney function. It is used to stage the severity of CKD.

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What does the nurse expect the healthcare provider to prescribe when a post-kidney transplant client develops oliguria, elevated temperature of 37.8°C, increased blood pressure, and signs of fluid retention 12 days after the surgery?

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Explanation

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