nurse is caring for a client with urinary retention. The client asks what causes them to have urinary retention. Which of the following statements should the nurse make regarding possible causes of urinary retention? (Select all that apply.)

A. Diet restrictions: Clients undergoing hemodialysis often have specific dietary restrictions, such as limiting potassium, phosphorus, and sodium intake, as well as managing protein consumption. Educating the client about these restrictions is essential for their health and well-being.

C. Risk for depression: The diagnosis of end-stage kidney disease and the initiation of hemodialysis can lead to emotional challenges, including a risk for depression. It is important for the nurse to address mental health support and coping strategies.

D. Fluid restrictions: Clients on hemodialysis typically have fluid restrictions due to reduced kidney function and the risk of fluid overload. Education on managing fluid intake is critical to avoid complications.

E. Time requirements: Hemodialysis requires a significant time commitment, typically involving sessions lasting about 3 to 5 hours, three times a week. Discussing the time requirements helps the client plan for their treatment schedule and its impact on daily life.

Incorrect:

B. Home recording of the volume removed at each exchange: This option pertains more to peritoneal dialysis than to hemodialysis. In hemodialysis, the focus is on monitoring vital signs and laboratory values during treatment rather than recording volumes removed.

A. White blood cells (WBC) of 10:A WBC count of 10 is higher than the typical reference range (usually 0–5 WBCs per high-power field). An elevated WBC count suggests infection or inflammation, and this should be reported for further assessment.

B. Occasional casts:Occasional casts in the urine can be normal, especially hyaline casts, which may appear after exercise or mild dehydration. However, a high number of casts, or specific types like red or white cell casts, may indicate renal disease and would require follow-up.

C. pH of 5.0:A urine pH of 5.0 is within the normal acidic range (typically 4.5 to 8.0) and does not require reporting unless there are other abnormal findings or specific concerns about acidosis or alkalosis.

D. Dark amber color. Dark amber urine can indicate dehydration but is not an unusual finding by itself. Hydration can typically correct this, so it does not need immediate reporting unless accompanied by other concerning symptoms (e.g., jaundice, which might suggest bilirubinuria).