Pain associated with intermittent claudication is caused by which of the following?

A. Bradypnea is incorrect because during an acute asthma attack, individuals typically experience tachypnea, or rapid breathing. This occurs as the body attempts to compensate for reduced airflow and decreased oxygen delivery due to narrowed airways. Slow breathing, or bradypnea, is not consistent with the pathophysiology of asthma.

B. Anorexia is incorrect because loss of appetite is not a typical feature of asthma. Asthma primarily affects airway function, leading to respiratory symptoms, rather than directly affecting nutritional intake or appetite.

C. Fever is incorrect because fever is not a hallmark of asthma itself. Although an infection such as a respiratory virus can precipitate an asthma exacerbation, the fever is related to the infection, not to asthma. Asthma attacks are characterized by airway obstruction and inflammation, not systemic infection.

D. Wheezing is correct because wheezing is the hallmark symptom of an acute asthma attack. It results from turbulent airflow through constricted or narrowed bronchi and bronchioles, caused by bronchospasm, airway inflammation, and mucus accumulation. Wheezing is often audible without a stethoscope, particularly in severe attacks, and typically occurs during exhalation, although it can occur during both inhalation and exhalation in more severe cases.

A. Melasma is incorrect because melasma is characterized by dark, hyperpigmented patches on the skin, usually on the face, due to increased melanin production. It is often related to hormonal changes or sun exposure and does not involve a lack of pigmentation or white hair.

B. Vitiligo is incorrect because vitiligo involves patchy loss of skin pigmentation due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. Hair may be affected locally in the depigmented patches, but the condition does not typically result in generalized white hair or the reduced eye pigmentation seen in albinism.

C. Albinism is correct because it is a genetic condition characterized by a congenital lack of melanin, resulting in very light or white skin, white or very light hair, and reduced or absent pigmentation in the eyes. This lack of melanin also increases sensitivity to UV radiation and can affect vision.

D. Psoriasis is incorrect because psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition that causes red, scaly, and inflamed patches of skin. It does not affect hair color or eye pigmentation and is unrelated to melanin production.