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Parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

A.

stimulates the formation of white blood cells

B.

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

C.

increases the level of sodium ions in the blood

D.

increases the level of potassium ions in the blood

E.

increases the level of glucose in the blood

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

a) Stimulates the formation of white blood cells: This is associated with bone marrow and not parathyroid hormone (PTH).

b) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption, increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and activating vitamin D to increase calcium absorption from the gut.

c) Increases the level of sodium ions in the blood: Aldosterone regulates sodium levels, not PTH.

d) Increases the level of potassium ions in the blood: This is also regulated by aldosterone and the kidneys, not PTH.

e) Increases the level of glucose in the blood: Glucagon and cortisol are more directly involved in increasing blood glucose.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

a) The location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path: Hormones are carried through the entire bloodstream, so all tissues are exposed. Proximity doesn’t determine responsiveness.

b) The membrane potential of the cells of the target organ: Membrane potential may affect nerve impulse conduction, but not hormone specificity.

c) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ: Hormones act only on target cells that express specific receptors for them. No receptor = no response.

d) All hormones stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific: Hormones are highly specific and only act on cells with matching receptors.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

a) O−, O+, A−, A+: O−: Universal donor, safe. O+: Rh+ and no A or B antigens → acceptable. A−: Same ABO group, Rh−, safe. A+: Exact match. Safest.

b) A+ only: A+ is safe, but it’s too restrictive. The patient can safely receive A−, O+, and O− too.

c) A+, AB+: A+ is correct and safe. AB+ is not safe: it contains B antigens, which this patient’s plasma has anti-B antibodies against. This would cause a hemolytic transfusion reaction.

d) O− only: O− is the universal donor and always safe, but it’s too restrictive. A+ patients can also receive O+, A−, and A+ safely.

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