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Parkinson's disease has which characteristic symptom(s)? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Muscle tremors

Slow body movement (bradykinesia)

Rigidity

Pill rolling

Lack of facial expression

Drooling

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E,F

A. Muscle tremors:

Muscle tremors, particularly resting tremors, are a hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease. These tremors typically occur in the hands, fingers, arms, legs, jaw, or head and may worsen with stress or inactivity.

B. Slow body movement (bradykinesia):

Bradykinesia refers to slowness of movement and is another key symptom of Parkinson's disease. Patients may have difficulty initiating movement, experience a decrease in spontaneous movement (hypokinesia), and demonstrate reduced range of motion.

C. Rigidity:

Rigidity, or stiffness of the muscles, is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease. It often affects the limbs and trunk and can contribute to difficulty with movement and posture.

D. Pill rolling:

Pill rolling refers to a specific type of tremor characterized by rhythmic, rolling movements of the thumb and fingers, resembling the action of rolling a pill between the fingers and thumb. This tremor is commonly seen in Parkinson's disease.

E. Lack of facial expression:

Parkinson's disease can lead to a reduced range of facial expressions, also known as hypomimia or "masked facies." Patients may have a fixed, expressionless facial appearance and reduced blinking.

F. Drooling:

Drooling, or excessive salivation, can occur in Parkinson's disease due to impaired swallowing function (dysphagia) and reduced control over oral and facial muscles.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Adventitious breath sounds:

Adventitious breath sounds refer to abnormal lung sounds heard upon auscultation of the chest. These sounds include crackles (rales), wheezes, rhonchi, and pleural friction rubs. In the context of fluid volume excess, particularly in the acute phase of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke, adventitious breath sounds such as crackles are indicative of pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema occurs when there is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the lungs, impairing gas exchange and leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath and respiratory distress.

B. Weak pulse:

A weak pulse may suggest poor perfusion or decreased cardiac output rather than fluid volume excess. While decreased cardiac output can be a consequence of heart failure, which may be associated with fluid volume excess, a weak pulse is not a direct indicator of fluid overload. In the acute phase of a CVA, a weak pulse may prompt further assessment for other cardiovascular complications or neurogenic shock.

C. Hypotension:

Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is not typically associated with fluid volume excess. Instead, hypotension may indicate hypovolemia, shock, or other underlying cardiovascular conditions. While hypotension can occur secondary to severe heart failure or fluid overload in some cases, it is not a direct indicator of fluid volume excess in the acute phase of a CVA.

D. Poor skin turgor:

Poor skin turgor is a clinical finding associated with dehydration rather than fluid volume excess. In dehydration, the skin loses its elasticity and becomes less resilient when pinched. In contrast, fluid volume excess is characterized by edema, which may manifest as pitting or non-pitting edema, rather than poor skin turgor. However, in fluid volume excess, the skin may appear stretched or taut due to the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces.

A. Fresh fish B. Cheddar cheese C. Cherries D. Chicken

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Fresh fish

Fresh fish does not contain significant amounts of tyramine. Therefore, there is no need to eliminate fresh fish from the client's diet due to its interaction with selegiline.

B. Cheddar cheese

This is the correct answer. Cheddar cheese is a high-tyramine food and should be eliminated from the client's diet when taking MAOIs. Aged cheeses, such as cheddar, contain high levels of tyramine due to the fermentation process, which can increase the risk of a hypertensive crisis when combined with MAOIs.

C. Cherries

Cherries do not contain significant amounts of tyramine. Therefore, there is no need to eliminate cherries from the client's diet due to their interaction with selegiline.

D. Chicken

Chicken does not contain significant amounts of tyramine. Therefore, there is no need to eliminate chicken from the client's diet due to its interaction with selegiline.

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Parkinson's disease has which characteristic symptom(s)? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The assessment that indicates a fluid volume excess in a patient in the acute phase of a CVA is:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is modifying the diet of a client who has Parkinson's disease and a prescription for selegiline, a monamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Which of the following foods should the nurse eliminate from the client's diet?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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