Patient Data

Exhibits

The healthcare provider (HCP) has given the client a prescription for captopril.

Choose the most likely options for the information missing from the statements by selecting from the lists of options provided.

Captopril is a(n)
dropdown
that works by
dropdown
.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"D"}

Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor that works by vasodilation.

Choice A: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor

Reason:

Captopril is classified as an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. By inhibiting this conversion, ACE inhibitors reduce the levels of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and reduced workload on the heart. This mechanism is particularly beneficial in managing hypertension and heart failure. Additionally, ACE inhibitors like captopril help in reducing the progression of diabetic nephropathy by decreasing glomerular pressure.

Choice B: Aldosterone Agonist

Reason:

Aldosterone agonists are drugs that mimic the action of aldosterone, a hormone that increases sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased blood volume and blood pressure. This is the opposite of what captopril does. Captopril, as an ACE inhibitor, actually reduces aldosterone secretion, leading to decreased sodium and water retention, which helps lower blood pressure. Therefore, captopril cannot be classified as an aldosterone agonist.

Choice C: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker

Reason:

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) work by blocking the action of angiotensin II at its receptor sites, preventing vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion. While ARBs and ACE inhibitors both target the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), they do so at different points. Captopril is an ACE inhibitor, not an ARB. ARBs include drugs like losartan and valsartan, which are used when patients cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to side effects like coug.

Choice D: Lowering the Heart Rate

Reason:

Lowering the heart rate is not the primary mechanism of action for captopril. This effect is more commonly associated with beta-blockers, which reduce heart rate and myocardial contractility to lower blood pressure and reduce cardiac workload. Captopril, on the other hand, primarily works through vasodilation by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II. While it may have some indirect effects on heart rate by reducing blood pressure, this is not its main mechanism.

Choice E: Reducing Inflammation

Reason:

Reducing inflammation is not a primary action of captopril. Anti-inflammatory effects are typically associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids. While there is some evidence that ACE inhibitors may have minor anti-inflammatory effects due to their impact on the RAAS, this is not their primary function. Captopril is mainly used for its vasodilatory effects to manage hypertension and heart failure.

Choice F: Diuresis

Reason:

Diuresis, or increased urine production, is not the primary mechanism of action for captopril. Diuretics, such as furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide, are specifically used to promote diuresis by acting on different parts of the renal tubules to increase the excretion of sodium and water. While captopril can lead to mild diuresis by reducing aldosterone levels, this is not its main therapeutic action.

Choice G: Vasodilation

Reason:

Vasodilation is the correct mechanism of action for captopril. By inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, captopril reduces vasoconstriction and promotes vasodilation. This leads to a decrease in blood pressure and an overall reduction in the workload on the heart. Vasodilation is a key therapeutic effect of ACE inhibitors, making them effective in treating conditions like hypertension and heart failure.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:

While some herbal preparations may have a placebo effect, echinacea has been shown to have active properties that can aid in the treatment of infections. Echinacea contains compounds that boost the immune system and have anti-inflammatory effects, which can help in the healing process of canker sores.

Choice B reason:

Topical echinacea is not typically used to soothe burns, and there is no evidence to suggest it causes damage to the skin. In fact, echinacea is often used in topical preparations to treat skin conditions due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

Choice C reason:

Echinacea has been found to be useful in treating some infections, including canker sores. Its immune-boosting and wound-healing properties can help reduce the duration and severity of canker sores. This makes it a beneficial herbal remedy for such conditions.

Choice D reason:

While echinacea is generally considered safe and harmless, it is not accurate to say it is not beneficial in treating skin infections. Echinacea has been used traditionally to treat various skin conditions and infections due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.

A. Serum potassium level of 3.8 mEq/L (1.8 mmol/L). B. Hemoglobin level of 13.3 g/dL (135 g/L). C. Serum ammonia level of 30 µg/dL (17.62 µmol/dL). D. Serum glucose level of 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L).

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestines, which are then excreted in the stool. A serum potassium level of 3.8 mEq/L is within the normal range (3.5 to 5 mEq/L), indicating that the medication has effectively reduced the potassium level to a safe range. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial in clients with AKI to prevent complications such as cardiac arrhythmias.

Choice B Reason:

A hemoglobin level of 13.3 g/dL is slightly below the normal range for adults (14 to 18 g/dL for males and 12 to 16 g/dL for females). While it is important to monitor hemoglobin levels, this value does not directly indicate the effectiveness of sodium polystyrene sulfonate, which is specifically used to manage potassium levels.

Choice C Reason:

A serum ammonia level of 30 µg/dL is within the normal range (10 to 80 µg/dL). However, this value does not reflect the effectiveness of sodium polystyrene sulfonate, as the medication is not used to manage ammonia levels. Ammonia levels are more relevant in conditions affecting liver function, such as hepatic encephalopathy.

Choice D Reason:

A serum glucose level of 100 mg/dL is within the normal range (74 to 106 mg/dL). While it is important to monitor glucose levels, this value does not indicate the effectiveness of sodium polystyrene sulfonate. The medication’s primary function is to reduce potassium levels, not to manage glucose levels.

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Patient Data Exhibits The healthcare provider (HCP) has given the client a prescription for captopril. Choose the most likely options for the information missing from the statements by selecting from the lists of options provided. Captopril is a(n) dropdown that works by dropdown.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The home health nurse observes that a female client is using a topical preparation that contains echinacea to treat a canker sore. Her husband expresses concern regarding the effectiveness and safety of using herbs. How should the nurse respond?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A client receives a prescription for ciprofloxacin 400 mg intravenously (IV) every 12 hours to be infused over an hour. The IV bag contains ciprofloxacin 400 mg in dextrose 5% in water (D5W) 200 mL. The nurse should program the infusion pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Enter numerical value only.)

Patient Data

Exhibits

The healthcare provider (HCP) has given the client a prescription for captopril.

Choose the most likely options for the information missing from the statements by selecting from the lists of options provided.

Captopril is a(n)
dropdown
that works by
dropdown
.