Patient Data
The healthcare provider (HCP) has given the client a prescription for captopril.
Choose the most likely options for the information missing from the statements by selecting from the lists of options provided.
Captopril is a(n)
The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"D"}
Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor that works by vasodilation.
Choice A: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
Reason:
Captopril is classified as an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. By inhibiting this conversion, ACE inhibitors reduce the levels of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and reduced workload on the heart. This mechanism is particularly beneficial in managing hypertension and heart failure. Additionally, ACE inhibitors like captopril help in reducing the progression of diabetic nephropathy by decreasing glomerular pressure.
Choice B: Aldosterone Agonist
Reason:
Aldosterone agonists are drugs that mimic the action of aldosterone, a hormone that increases sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased blood volume and blood pressure. This is the opposite of what captopril does. Captopril, as an ACE inhibitor, actually reduces aldosterone secretion, leading to decreased sodium and water retention, which helps lower blood pressure. Therefore, captopril cannot be classified as an aldosterone agonist.
Choice C: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker
Reason:
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) work by blocking the action of angiotensin II at its receptor sites, preventing vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion. While ARBs and ACE inhibitors both target the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), they do so at different points. Captopril is an ACE inhibitor, not an ARB. ARBs include drugs like losartan and valsartan, which are used when patients cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to side effects like coug.
Choice D: Lowering the Heart Rate
Reason:
Lowering the heart rate is not the primary mechanism of action for captopril. This effect is more commonly associated with beta-blockers, which reduce heart rate and myocardial contractility to lower blood pressure and reduce cardiac workload. Captopril, on the other hand, primarily works through vasodilation by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II. While it may have some indirect effects on heart rate by reducing blood pressure, this is not its main mechanism.
Choice E: Reducing Inflammation
Reason:
Reducing inflammation is not a primary action of captopril. Anti-inflammatory effects are typically associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids. While there is some evidence that ACE inhibitors may have minor anti-inflammatory effects due to their impact on the RAAS, this is not their primary function. Captopril is mainly used for its vasodilatory effects to manage hypertension and heart failure.
Choice F: Diuresis
Reason:
Diuresis, or increased urine production, is not the primary mechanism of action for captopril. Diuretics, such as furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide, are specifically used to promote diuresis by acting on different parts of the renal tubules to increase the excretion of sodium and water. While captopril can lead to mild diuresis by reducing aldosterone levels, this is not its main therapeutic action.
Choice G: Vasodilation
Reason:
Vasodilation is the correct mechanism of action for captopril. By inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, captopril reduces vasoconstriction and promotes vasodilation. This leads to a decrease in blood pressure and an overall reduction in the workload on the heart. Vasodilation is a key therapeutic effect of ACE inhibitors, making them effective in treating conditions like hypertension and heart failure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
While keeping skin and eyes covered to protect from sun injury is generally good advice, it is not specifically related to the use of oxybutynin. Oxybutynin can reduce sweating, which increases the risk of overheating and dehydration, especially during physical activities like running a half-marathon. Therefore, this advice, while useful, is not the most critical in this context.
Choice B Reason:
Avoiding crowds to help prevent acquiring infections is important for overall health, especially for individuals with compromised immune systems. However, this advice is not directly related to the use of oxybutynin or the specific risks associated with its use during physical exercise. The primary concern with oxybutynin is its effect on sweating and body temperature regulation.
Choice C Reason:
Wearing padding to protect from bruising if a fall occurs is a precaution that might be relevant for individuals at risk of falls or injuries. However, this advice does not address the specific risks associated with oxybutynin use during physical exercise. The main concern is the potential for overheating and dehydration due to reduced sweating.
Choice D Reason:
Taking measures to avoid dehydration and overheating is the most critical instruction for a client using oxybutynin while training for a half-marathon. Oxybutynin can decrease sweating, making it harder for the body to cool down during exercise. This can lead to heat stroke or severe dehydration. The nurse should emphasize the importance of staying hydrated, taking breaks, and avoiding excessive heat to prevent these serious complications.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
The fluticasone propionate and salmeterol discus inhalation system is designed to be used twice daily, approximately 12 hours apart. Using it more frequently can increase the risk of side effects without providing additional benefits. The medication is intended to provide long-term control of asthma symptoms, not immediate relief during an acute attack.
Choice B Reason:
There is no significant evidence to suggest that using the fluticasone propionate and salmeterol discus inhalation system causes decreased blood pressure. The primary side effects are related to the respiratory system, such as throat irritation, hoarseness, and oral thrush. Therefore, this instruction is not relevant to the proper use of the medication.
Choice C Reason:
When using the discus, the client should breathe out gently and away from the mouthpiece before inhaling the medication. Breathing out rapidly into the mouthpiece can cause the medication to be expelled from the device, reducing its effectiveness. Proper technique involves exhaling gently, then inhaling quickly and deeply through the mouthpiece.
Choice D Reason:
The fluticasone propionate and salmeterol discus inhalation system is not intended for use during an acute asthma attack. It is a maintenance medication designed to prevent asthma symptoms over time. For acute asthma attacks, a short-acting bronchodilator, such as albuterol, should be used. Using the discus during an acute attack will not provide the rapid relief needed.
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