Patient Data.
What are the signs and symptoms of DKA? Select all that apply.
Hyperglycemia.
Ketonuria.
Metabolic acidosis.
Hypokalemia.
Dehydration.
Kussmaul respirations
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E,F
Choice A rationale:
Hyperglycemia is a key symptom of DKA. It occurs when there is an insufficient amount of insulin in the body to allow glucose to enter cells for use as energy. As a result, the body begins to break down fat for fuel, leading to the production of ketones and causing blood glucose levels to rise1. Normal blood glucose levels are between 4.0 to 6.0 mmol/L when fasting and up to 7.8 mmol/L two hours after eating2.
Choice B rationale:
Ketonuria, or the presence of ketones in the urine, is another symptom of DKA. When the body breaks down fat for energy, ketones are produced. If too many ketones build up in the blood, they can spill over into the urine1.
Choice C rationale:
Metabolic acidosis occurs in DKA due to the accumulation of ketones in the blood. Ketones are acidic, and when they build up in the blood, they cause the blood to become more acidic, leading to metabolic acidosis1.
Choice D rationale:
Hypokalemia is not a symptom of DKA. In fact, patients with DKA often have high potassium levels in their blood at presentation because acidosis causes potassium to move from inside the cells into the bloodstream1. However, during treatment for DKA, when insulin is administered and acidosis is corrected, potassium moves back into the cells and can lead to low potassium levels or hypokalemia1.
Choice E rationale:
Dehydration is a common symptom of DKA. High blood glucose levels lead to increased urination as the body tries to get rid of the excess glucose. This can result in dehydration1.
Choice F rationale:
Kussmaul respirations are a type of hyperventilation that occurs in DKA as the body tries to get rid of excess acids (ketones) through the lungs by breathing rapidly and deeply1.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["30"]
Explanation
The correct answer is 30 mL/hour.
Step 1 is to calculate the total amount of norepinephrine in the IV bag: 4 mg norepinephrine ÷ 1000 mL = 0.004 mg/mL
Step 2 is to convert the patient's weight from pounds to kilograms: 176 pounds ÷ 2.2 = 80 kilograms
Step 3 is to calculate the total amount of norepinephrine the patient will receive per minute: 2 mcg/min × 60 min = 120 mcg/min
Step 4 is to convert micrograms (mcg) to milligrams (mg): 120 mcg ÷ 1000 = 0.12 mg
Step 5 is to calculate the total volume of norepinephrine needed per hour: 0.12 mg ÷ 0.004 mg/mL = 30 mL/hour
Therefore, the nurse should program the infusion pump to deliver 30 mL/hour.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is choice B. “You seem quite frightened right now.”.
Choice A rationale:
While reassuring the client that no one will hurt them is well-intentioned, it may not effectively address the client’s immediate emotional state or validate their feelings.
Choice B rationale:
Acknowledging the client’s fear helps validate their emotions and opens a pathway for further therapeutic communication. It shows empathy and understanding, which can help build trust and provide comfort.
Choice C rationale:
Telling the client they are in a safe place is reassuring, but it may not fully address the client’s immediate emotional distress or validate their feelings.
Choice D rationale:
Asking the client what they would like the nurse to do to protect them might reinforce the delusion and could potentially escalate the situation. It is more effective to acknowledge the client’s feelings and provide reassurance.
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