Patients with a history of pancreatic disease commonly have a history of:
Excessive alcohol consumption
Excessive intake of vitamin C
Very low-fat diet
High protein diet
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Excessive alcohol consumption is a leading cause of pancreatic disease, particularly chronic pancreatitis. Alcohol induces oxidative stress and toxic metabolites, damaging pancreatic acinar cells, leading to inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired enzyme secretion, making it a well-established risk factor for pancreatic pathology.
Choice B reason: Excessive vitamin C intake is not associated with pancreatic disease. High doses may cause gastrointestinal upset or kidney stones but do not directly damage the pancreas or contribute to conditions like pancreatitis, making this an unlikely and irrelevant risk factor for pancreatic issues.
Choice C reason: A very low-fat diet is not a common cause of pancreatic disease. While low-fat diets may be recommended for pancreatitis management, they do not contribute to its development. Pancreatic damage is more linked to alcohol or gallstones, not dietary fat restriction.
Choice D reason: A high protein diet is not a primary risk factor for pancreatic disease. Excessive protein may stress the kidneys or liver in certain conditions, but it does not directly cause pancreatitis or other pancreatic disorders, unlike alcohol, which has a direct toxic effect on the pancreas.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Polycystic is not a recognized symptom of HHS. The term may be confused with polycystic ovary syndrome, unrelated to HHS. HHS involves severe hyperglycemia causing dehydration, not ovarian pathology, making this sign irrelevant to the metabolic and osmotic disturbances characteristic of this condition.
Choice B reason: Polyphagia, increased hunger, is associated with HHS due to cellular glucose starvation from severe hyperglycemia. Without adequate insulin, glucose cannot enter cells, triggering hunger as the body seeks energy, making this a relevant symptom in the hyperosmolar state of HHS.
Choice C reason: Polydipsia, excessive thirst, is a hallmark of HHS. Severe hyperglycemia causes osmotic diuresis, leading to dehydration and increased plasma osmolality, stimulating the thirst center to compensate for fluid loss, making this a common and expected symptom in HHS patients.
Choice D reason: Polyuria, excessive urination, is a classic HHS symptom. High blood glucose exceeds renal reabsorption capacity, causing osmotic diuresis, which increases urine output and leads to dehydration. This is a key feature of HHS, driving fluid and electrolyte imbalances in affected patients.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Right shoulder pain post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not due to prolonged positioning. It results from carbon dioxide used to insufflate the abdomen, irritating the diaphragm and causing referred pain via the phrenic nerve, making this statement incorrect for explaining the pain’s origin.
Choice B reason: Nitrous dioxide is not used in laparoscopic cholecystectomy; carbon dioxide is the standard insufflation gas. This gas causes diaphragmatic irritation, leading to referred shoulder pain, not nitrous dioxide, making this statement factually incorrect regarding the cause of postoperative pain.
Choice C reason: Ambulation helps dissipate carbon dioxide gas trapped in the abdomen post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy, reducing diaphragmatic irritation and referred shoulder pain. Movement facilitates gas absorption and excretion via the lungs, alleviating discomfort, making this the correct nursing statement to relieve the patient’s pain.
Choice D reason: Residual pain from cholecystitis is unlikely post-cholecystectomy, as the gallbladder, the source of inflammation, is removed. Shoulder pain is due to surgical gas, not ongoing cholecystitis, making this statement incorrect for explaining the postoperative pain experienced by the client.
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