Pulmonary edema can be best described as:
Bronchoconstriction of the airway.
Irreversible, abnormal widening of the bronchi.
Fluid collection in the alveoli.
Infection of the pleural cavity.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Bronchoconstriction of the airway is incorrect because bronchoconstriction refers to narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles, as seen in asthma. Pulmonary edema involves fluid in the alveoli, not constriction of the airways.
B. Irreversible, abnormal widening of the bronchi is incorrect because this describes bronchiectasis, a chronic condition involving permanent dilation of the bronchi due to repeated infections or inflammation. It is unrelated to the fluid accumulation characteristic of pulmonary edema.
C. Fluid collection in the alveoli is correct because pulmonary edema occurs when excess fluid leaks from pulmonary capillaries into the alveolar spaces, impairing gas exchange. This fluid may result from increased hydrostatic pressure in left-sided heart failure (cardiogenic edema), capillary damage due to ARDS or toxins (non-cardiogenic edema), or fluid overload. Clinical manifestations include dyspnea, orthopnea, frothy or pink-tinged sputum, crackles on auscultation, and hypoxemia. Pulmonary edema can progress rapidly and lead to respiratory failure if untreated.
D. Infection of the pleural cavity is incorrect because this describes empyema, not pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema involves the alveoli, whereas empyema is pus in the pleural space often secondary to pneumonia or thoracic infection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The clotting process is correct because thrombocytes, also known as platelets, are critical for hemostasis, the body’s process to stop bleeding. Platelets are small, anucleate cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. When a blood vessel is injured, platelets adhere to the exposed collagen and subendothelial tissues, become activated, and release chemical mediators such as ADP, thromboxane A2, and clotting factors. These mediators recruit additional platelets to form a platelet plug, which serves as a temporary barrier to blood loss. Simultaneously, platelets provide a surface for the coagulation cascade, which stabilizes the plug by converting fibrinogen to fibrin, creating a stable clot. Without sufficient platelet function or number, individuals are at risk for excessive bleeding (e.g., in thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction disorders).
B. Plasma protein regulation is incorrect because plasma proteins, including albumin, globulins, and clotting factors, are primarily synthesized and regulated by the liver. Platelets do not regulate plasma protein levels but contribute indirectly to coagulation through the release of clotting mediators.
C. Oxygen transport in the blood is incorrect because oxygen is transported by erythrocytes, which contain hemoglobin. Platelets do not carry oxygen or play a role in gas exchange.
D. Antibody production is incorrect because antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells, components of the adaptive immune system. Platelets are not involved in the production of immunoglobulins, though they can interact with immune cells to support inflammation and immune responses.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Burn to left leg is incorrect because a localized burn to an extremity indicates direct thermal injury to the skin at that site, not smoke inhalation. Smoke inhalation injuries primarily affect the airways and lungs rather than isolated skin areas.
B. Wheezing is correct because wheezing indicates airway obstruction or irritation caused by inhaled smoke, heat, or chemical particles. This can result from bronchospasm, edema, or inflammation of the respiratory tract.
C. Singed nose hairs is correct because singed nasal hairs are an early external sign of inhalation of hot gases or smoke, suggesting that the upper airway has been exposed to heat and possibly chemical irritants.
D. Black-tinged sputum is correct because the presence of soot in the sputum indicates that smoke particles have been inhaled and deposited in the respiratory tract, confirming inhalation injury.
E. Difficulty breathing is correct because respiratory distress can occur due to airway edema, chemical irritation, or inhaled toxins from the fire. Difficulty breathing may range from mild dyspnea to severe respiratory compromise, requiring immediate assessment and intervention.
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