Respiratory acidosis is associated with:
Increased neuromuscular excitability
Increased carbonic acid
Increased pH
Hypokalemia
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A Reason:
Increased neuromuscular excitability is not typically associated with respiratory acidosis. Instead, respiratory acidosis can lead to symptoms such as confusion, fatigue, and shortness of breath due to the buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood. Neuromuscular excitability is more commonly associated with conditions like hypocalcemia.
Choice B Reason:
This is the correct answer. Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs cannot remove enough carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body, leading to an accumulation of CO2 in the blood. This increase in CO2 results in the formation of carbonic acid, which lowers the pH of the blood. The elevated levels of carbonic acid are a hallmark of respiratory acidosis.
Choice C Reason:
Increased pH is not associated with respiratory acidosis. In fact, respiratory acidosis is characterized by a decrease in blood pH due to the accumulation of carbon dioxide and the subsequent increase in carbonic acid. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Choice D Reason:
Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, is not typically associated with respiratory acidosis. Instead, respiratory acidosis can sometimes lead to hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) due to the shift of potassium out of cells in response to the acidotic state. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Tertiary prevention involves measures taken to reduce the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects. This includes rehabilitation and efforts to prevent further complications or deterioration. Vaccination, however, is aimed at preventing the disease before it occurs, which does not align with the concept of tertiary prevention.
Choice B Reason:
Primary prevention refers to actions taken to prevent the onset of disease before it occurs. Vaccination is a classic example of primary prevention because it aims to protect individuals from contracting diseases by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens. In this case, the meningococcal vaccine helps prevent meningitis, making it a primary preventive measure.
Choice C Reason:
Disease treatment involves managing and caring for a patient to combat a disease or condition. This includes interventions aimed at curing the disease, alleviating symptoms, or preventing complications. Vaccination does not fall under disease treatment because it is a preventive measure rather than a therapeutic one
Choice D Reason:
Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt intervention to prevent the progression of a disease. This includes screening tests and early treatment of conditions to halt or slow their progression. Vaccination, however, is intended to prevent the disease from occurring in the first place, which is not the goal of secondary prevention.
Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Acidosis is indicated by a pH lower than the normal range of 7.35-7.45. In this case, the patient’s pH is 7.3, which confirms acidosis. Acidosis can be caused by either respiratory or metabolic factors, but the low pH alone confirms the presence of acidosis.
Choice B Reason:
Compensation refers to the body’s attempt to return the pH to normal by adjusting the levels of CO2 or HCO3-. In this case, the HCO3- level is within the normal range (22-26 mEq/L), indicating that there is no metabolic compensation occurring. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Choice C Reason:
Respiratory acidosis is indicated by an elevated PaCO2 level, which is higher than the normal range of 36-44 mmHg. The patient’s PaCO2 is 48 mmHg, suggesting that the acidosis is due to respiratory factors. This is consistent with the patient’s history of smoking and symptoms of respiratory distress.
Choice D Reason:
Alkalosis is indicated by a pH higher than the normal range of 7.35-7.45. Since the patient’s pH is 7.3, which is below the normal range, this indicates acidosis, not alkalosis. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Choice E Reason:
Metabolic acidosis is indicated by a low HCO3- level. In this case, the patient’s HCO3- level is within the normal range (25 mEq/L), indicating that the acidosis is not metabolic. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
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