(Select all that apply) A microbe acquires antibiotic resistance by which means?
Development of medication resistance in the host
Over-riding of the minimum bactericidal concentration
Incorrect dosing, which contributes to ribosome mutations
Transfer of DNA coding to other bacteria
Spontaneous mutation in the microbial genome.
Correct Answer : D,E
A microbe acquires antibiotic resistance by transferring DNA coding to other bacteria or by spontaneous mutation in the microbial genome.
These genetic changes allow the microbe to survive the effects of the antibiotic and pass on the resistance to its offspring.
Choice A is wrong because the host does not develop medication resistance, but the microbe does.
Choice B is wrong because the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is the lowest concentration of an antibiotic needed to kill 99.9% of bacteria, not a mechanism of resistance.
Choice C is wrong because incorrect dosing does not cause ribosome mutations, but may promote the emergence of drug-resistant microbes by exposing them to suboptimal levels of the antibiotic.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.Penicillin is one of the most common causes of anaphylaxis.Symptoms of anaphylaxis include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, throat, or tongue, hives, itching, low blood pressure, and shock.
Choice A is wrong because hypokalemia (low potassium levels in the blood) is not a common or serious side effect of penicillin therapy.Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness, cramps, irregular heartbeat, and fatigue.
Choice B is wrong because hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) is not a common or serious side effect of penicillin therapy.Hyperglycemia can cause thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, and headaches.
Choice D is wrong because constipation is not a common or serious side effect of penicillin therapy.Constipation can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and difficulty passing stools.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The nurse should instruct the client about this possibility and reassure them that it is harmless and will disappear when the medication is discontinued.
Choice B is wrong because metallic taste in mouth is not a side effect of rifampin, but of metronidazole, an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria or protozoa.
Choice C is wrong because photosensitivity reaction is not a side effect of rifampin, but of tetracycline, an antibiotic used to treat acne and other infections.
Choice D is wrong because ototoxicity is not a side effect of rifampin, but of aminoglycosides, a class of antibiotics used to treat serious infections caused by gram-negative bacteria.
Ototoxicity can cause hearing loss or balance problems.
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