(Select all that apply) A microbe acquires antibiotic resistance by which means?

Development of medication resistance in the host

Over-riding of the minimum bactericidal concentration

Incorrect dosing, which contributes to ribosome mutations

Transfer of DNA coding to other bacteria

Spontaneous mutation in the microbial genome.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : D,E

A microbe acquires antibiotic resistance by transferring DNA coding to other bacteria or by spontaneous mutation in the microbial genome.

These genetic changes allow the microbe to survive the effects of the antibiotic and pass on the resistance to its offspring.

Choice A is wrong because the host does not develop medication resistance, but the microbe does.

Choice B is wrong because the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is the lowest concentration of an antibiotic needed to kill 99.9% of bacteria, not a mechanism of resistance.

Choice C is wrong because incorrect dosing does not cause ribosome mutations, but may promote the emergence of drug-resistant microbes by exposing them to suboptimal levels of the antibiotic.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

These are the antimalarial drugs that are recommended for prophylaxis by the CDC and other sources.

They are effective against the malaria parasites that are resistant to chloroquine and primaquine, which are the other two options.

Choice A is wrong because chloroquine is not effective in areas where chloroquine resistance is present, which is most of the malaria-endemic regions.

Choice B is wrong because primaquine is not used for prophylaxis, but for radical cure of vivax and ovale malaria.It also requires a test for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency before use, as it can cause hemolysis in people with this condition.

Choice C is correct because mefloquine is a suppressive prophylactic that can be used in areas with chloroquine resistance.

A. First-generation B. Second-generation C. Third-generation D. Fourth-generation.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Ceftriaxone belongs to the third-generation of cephalosporins.Third-generation cephalosporins have greater activity than the second-generation cephalosporins against certain gram-negative bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae.They are also more resistant to beta-lactamases, enzymes that can inactivate some cephalosporins.

Choice A is wrong because first-generation cephalosporins have less activity against gram-negative bacteria and are more susceptible to beta-lactamases.

Choice B is wrong because second-generation cephalosporins have less activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae than third-generation cephalosporins, and are also less resistant to beta-lactamases.

Choice D is wrong because fourth-generation cephalosporins have a broader spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria, including some that are resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, but they are not more effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

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(Select all that apply) A microbe acquires antibiotic resistance by which means?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is educating a group of travelers who are going to a region where malaria is endemic. Which of the following antimalarial drugs should the nurse recommend for prophylaxis? (Select all that apply.).

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer ceftriaxone (Rocephin) to a client who has pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The nurse should recognize that ceftriaxone belongs to which generation of cephalosporins?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which term is used to describe an agent that inhibits bacterial growth but does not kill bacteria?

A nurse is teaching a client who has tuberculosis about the prescribed drug regimen, which includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The nurse should instruct the client to report which signs or symptoms as possible adverse effects of these drugs? (Select all that apply.)

The development of a new infection as a result of the elimination of normal flora by an antibiotic is referred to as what?

(Select all that apply) A microbe acquires antibiotic resistance by which means?

A nurse is administering penicillin to a client who has streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect of penicillin therapy?

The nurse identifies which host factor as the most important when choosing an antimicrobial drug?

A nurse is preparing to administer flucytosine to a client who has a systemic fungal infection. Which of the following assessments should the nurse perform before giving this medication? (Select all that apply.).

A nurse is caring for a client who has trichomoniasis and is prescribed tinidazole. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the client?