A patient is receiving cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin, for a surgical prophylaxis.
The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following possible allergic reactions? (Select all that apply.)
Urticaria
Bronchospasm
Anaphylaxis
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Angioedema.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
Cefazolin can cause serious or life-threatening allergic reactions in some patients, especially those with a history of penicillin allergy. The most common allergic reactions to cefazolin are immediate reactions, such as anaphylaxis, urticaria, bronchospasm, and angioedema. These reactions usually occur within one hour of the drug administration and may involve symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and shock. Immediate reactions are mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that bind to the drug and trigger the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils.
Choice D is wrong because Stevens-Johnson syndrome is not a typical allergic reaction to cefazolin.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare and severe skin reaction that can be caused by various drugs, infections, or autoimmune diseases.
It involves blistering and peeling of the skin and mucous membranes, fever, malaise, and eye inflammation.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is not mediated by IgE antibodies, but by other immune mechanisms that damage the skin cells.
Cefazolin is not known to cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome, although other cephalosporins have been reported to do so in rare cases.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Vancomycin is an antibiotic that can cause ototoxicity, which is damage to the inner ear due to exposure to certain drugs.Ototoxicity can manifest as tinnitus (ringing in the ears), vertigo (dizziness), and hearing loss.Vancomycin ototoxicity is usually related to high serum levels of the drug and is more likely to occur in patients with renal impairment.Vancomycin can also potentiate the ototoxicity of other drugs, such as aminoglycosides.
Choice A is wrong because tinnitus is a possible manifestation of ototoxicity.
Choice B is wrong because vertigo is a possible manifestation of ototoxicity.
Choice C is wrong because hearing loss is a possible manifestation of ototoxicity.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that can cause a rare but serious side effect calledQT prolongation, which affects the electrical activity of the heart and can lead toirregular heartbeats, chest pain, and sudden cardiac death. The patient should report any signs of chest pain or palpitations to the doctor immediately.
Choice A is wrong because diarrhea is a common side effect of azithromycin that usually does not require medical attention unless it is severe or bloody.
Choice B is wrong because headache is also a common side effect of azithromycin that usually does not require medical attention unless it is severe or persistent.
Choice D is wrong because nausea is another common side effect of azithromycin that usually does not require medical attention unless it is severe or accompanied by vomiting.
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