A patient is receiving cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin, for a surgical prophylaxis.
The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following possible allergic reactions? (Select all that apply.)

Urticaria

Bronchospasm

Anaphylaxis

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Angioedema.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

Cefazolin can cause serious or life-threatening allergic reactions in some patients, especially those with a history of penicillin allergy. The most common allergic reactions to cefazolin are immediate reactions, such as anaphylaxis, urticaria, bronchospasm, and angioedema. These reactions usually occur within one hour of the drug administration and may involve symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and shock. Immediate reactions are mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that bind to the drug and trigger the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils.

Choice D is wrong because Stevens-Johnson syndrome is not a typical allergic reaction to cefazolin.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare and severe skin reaction that can be caused by various drugs, infections, or autoimmune diseases.

It involves blistering and peeling of the skin and mucous membranes, fever, malaise, and eye inflammation.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is not mediated by IgE antibodies, but by other immune mechanisms that damage the skin cells.

Cefazolin is not known to cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome, although other cephalosporins have been reported to do so in rare cases.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The client should avoid sexual intercourse until treatment is completed.This is because trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection that can be passed between partners during penile-vaginal sex or through transmission of infected vaginal fluids or fomites among women who have sex with women. Therefore, abstaining from sex until both partners are cured can prevent reinfection and transmission.

Choice A is wrong because taking the medication with an antacid can reduce its absorption and effectiveness.Tinidazole should be taken with food to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.

Choice B is wrong because drinking plenty of fluids to prevent crystalluria is not relevant for tinidazole.

Crystalluria is a condition where crystals form in the urine, which can cause kidney stones or damage.This is a potential complication of some antibiotics, such as sulfonamides, but not tinidazole.

Choice D is wrong because chewing the tablets thoroughly before swallowing is not necessary for tinidazole.Tinidazole tablets are film-coated and can be swallowed whole with water.

Chewing the tablets may alter their release and absorption, and may also cause a bitter aftertaste.

A. Age B. Competent immune function C. Genetic heritage D. Previous medication reactions.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is because antibiotics act synergistically with the immune system to subdue infection, and it is critical for success that the host defenses are adequate.

Choice A is wrong becauseAge is wrong because age is a general factor that must be considered when choosing any medication, not just antimicrobials.

Choice C is wrong becauseGenetic heritage is wrong because genetic heritage is also a general factor that may affect the metabolism and excretion of medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Choice D is wrong becausePrevious medication reactions is wrong because previous medication reactions are also a general factor that may indicate allergies or intolerances to certain medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Normal ranges for immune function vary depending on the type and level of immunity measured, such as innate, adaptive, humoral or cellular immunity.Some common tests for immune function include complete blood count (CBC), immunoglobulin levels, complement levels, antibody titers and skin tests.

Normal ranges for these tests depend on the laboratory and the method used, but some examples are:

• CBC: white blood cell count 4.5-11 x 10^9/L; neutrophils 40-75%; lymphocytes 20-50%; monocytes 2-10%; eosinophils 1-6%; basophils 0-2%.

• Immunoglobulin levels: IgG 7-16 g/L; IgA 0.7-4 g/L; IgM 0.4-2.3 g/L; IgE 0-0.4 g/L.

• Complement levels: C3 0.9-1.8 g

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A patient is receiving cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin, for a surgical prophylaxis. The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following possible allergic reactions? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has trichomoniasis and is prescribed tinidazole. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the client?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse identifies which host factor as the most important when choosing an antimicrobial drug?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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A patient is receiving cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin, for a surgical prophylaxis.
The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following possible allergic reactions? (Select all that apply.)