A patient is receiving cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin, for a surgical prophylaxis.
The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following possible allergic reactions? (Select all that apply.)
Urticaria
Bronchospasm
Anaphylaxis
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Angioedema.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
Cefazolin can cause serious or life-threatening allergic reactions in some patients, especially those with a history of penicillin allergy. The most common allergic reactions to cefazolin are immediate reactions, such as anaphylaxis, urticaria, bronchospasm, and angioedema. These reactions usually occur within one hour of the drug administration and may involve symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and shock. Immediate reactions are mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that bind to the drug and trigger the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils.
Choice D is wrong because Stevens-Johnson syndrome is not a typical allergic reaction to cefazolin.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare and severe skin reaction that can be caused by various drugs, infections, or autoimmune diseases.
It involves blistering and peeling of the skin and mucous membranes, fever, malaise, and eye inflammation.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is not mediated by IgE antibodies, but by other immune mechanisms that damage the skin cells.
Cefazolin is not known to cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome, although other cephalosporins have been reported to do so in rare cases.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
This statement indicates a need for further teaching because linezolid should be taken for the full prescribed course of treatment, even if the symptoms improve or resolve.Stopping the medication too soon can lead to bacterial resistance or recurrence of the infection.
Choice A is wrong because it is a correct statement.Linezolid can cause optic neuropathy or vision changes, so patients should report any changes in their vision to their doctor.
Choice B is wrong because it is a correct statement.
Linezolid can interact with foods that contain tyramine, such as cheese and red wine, and cause a hypertensive crisis.Patients should avoid eating foods that contain tyramine while taking linezolid and for two weeks after stopping the medication.
Choice C is wrong because it is a correct statement.Linezolid can be taken with or without food, but taking it on an empty stomach may help with absorption and effectiveness.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
The nurse should include these instructions in the teaching because:
• Tetracycline should be taken on an empty stomach to avoid interference with absorption.
• Dairy products should be avoided while taking this drug because they contain calcium, which can form insoluble complexes with tetracycline and reduce its effectiveness.
• Sunscreen or sun avoidance should be used while taking this drug because it can cause photosensitivity, which increases the risk of sunburn and skin damage.
• Plenty of fluids should be drunk while taking this drug because it can cause nephrotoxicity, which is damage to the kidneys.
Choice E is wrong because vaginal itching or discharge is not a common side effect of tetracycline.It may indicate a superinfection, which is a secondary infection caused by the disruption of normal flora by antibiotics.
This should be reported to the health care provider as soon as possible.
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