(Select all that apply). A nurse is gathering equipment for suctioning a tracheostomy tube. Which of the following items should the nurse include in the setup?

Choice A rationale:

Waiting for at least 10 seconds between each suctioning attempt may not provide sufficient time for the patient's oxygenation to stabilize. This short duration might not allow the patient's oxygen levels to return to an adequate baseline, leading to potential hypoxia during subsequent suctioning attempts.

Choice B rationale:

Waiting for at least 30 seconds between suctioning attempts allows more time for the patient's oxygen levels to recover. This duration strikes a balance between preventing hypoxia and removing secretions effectively. It also helps minimize the risk of complications associated with frequent or rapid suctioning.

Choice C rationale:

Waiting for at least 1 minute between suctioning attempts might be too long, especially if the patient is experiencing respiratory distress or has excessive secretions. Delaying suctioning for this duration could lead to an accumulation of secretions, potentially compromising the airway and causing distress for the patient.

Choice D rationale:

Waiting for at least 3 minutes between suctioning attempts is too long and not clinically appropriate. This extended time may lead to increased secretion buildup and potential airway obstruction, especially in patients with excessive secretions or those who are critically ill.

Choice A rationale:

This choice is not the most relevant information for the patient with a tracheostomy regarding communication methods. Effective oral communication with the tube in place may be challenging, and other options should be explored.

Choice B rationale:

While electronic devices can be helpful for communication, they may not be the most practical option for a patient with a tracheostomy, especially during emergencies when devices may not be readily available.

Choice C rationale:

This choice is somewhat relevant but not the most appropriate. While written communication is an option, it may not be the primary method used with a tracheostomy.

Choice D rationale:

This is the correct choice. Teaching the patient how to use speaking valves to facilitate speech with the tracheostomy tube in place can significantly improve communication. Speaking valves allow airflow during inhalation and redirect exhaled air through the vocal cords, enabling speech while maintaining a closed respiratory system during exhalation. This is a valuable communication method for patients with tracheostomies.