(Select all that apply). A nurse is suctioning a tracheostomy tube for a patient. Which of the following actions are correct during the suctioning process?

Choice A rationale:

A cuffed tracheostomy tube is most suitable for a patient who requires mechanical ventilation or has a high risk of aspiration. The cuff is inflated to create a seal between the trachea and the tube, preventing aspiration of oral secretions or gastric contents into the airway. This is crucial for patients on mechanical ventilation to ensure effective ventilation and prevent complications like ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Choice B rationale:

Uncuffed tracheostomy tubes do not have an inflatable cuff, making them unsuitable for patients who require mechanical ventilation or have a high risk of aspiration. They are more appropriate for patients who can protect their own airway and have minimal risk of aspiration.

Choice C rationale:

Fenestrated tracheostomy tubes have an opening or fenestration on the tube that allows airflow through the upper airway, bypassing the tracheostomy tube. These tubes are used for patients who are weaning off mechanical ventilation and require speech therapy. They are not the most suitable choice for patients who need mechanical ventilation or have a high aspiration risk.

Choice D rationale:

Double-lumen tracheostomy tubes have two separate tubes, which can be used for independent lung ventilation in certain situations. They are not specifically designed for patients requiring mechanical ventilation or with a high risk of aspiration.

Choice E rationale:

Metal tracheostomy tubes are not commonly used for patients requiring mechanical ventilation or with a high risk of aspiration. Metal tubes may be used in certain cases, but they are not the most suitable choice for this patient population.

Choice A rationale:

Waiting for at least 10 seconds between each suctioning attempt may not provide sufficient time for the patient's oxygenation to stabilize. This short duration might not allow the patient's oxygen levels to return to an adequate baseline, leading to potential hypoxia during subsequent suctioning attempts.

Choice B rationale:

Waiting for at least 30 seconds between suctioning attempts allows more time for the patient's oxygen levels to recover. This duration strikes a balance between preventing hypoxia and removing secretions effectively. It also helps minimize the risk of complications associated with frequent or rapid suctioning.

Choice C rationale:

Waiting for at least 1 minute between suctioning attempts might be too long, especially if the patient is experiencing respiratory distress or has excessive secretions. Delaying suctioning for this duration could lead to an accumulation of secretions, potentially compromising the airway and causing distress for the patient.

Choice D rationale:

Waiting for at least 3 minutes between suctioning attempts is too long and not clinically appropriate. This extended time may lead to increased secretion buildup and potential airway obstruction, especially in patients with excessive secretions or those who are critically ill.