Select all that apply)
A nurse caring for a child understands the various sources of pain.
Which of the following are considered sources of visceral pain in children?

Choice C rationale:

Opioids remain the agent of choice for treating moderate to severe pain in both adults and children.”..

Opioids are effective in managing pain in pediatric patients when used appropriately.

They work by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system, primarily in the brain and spinal cord, to reduce pain perception.

Opioids can be safely used in children when prescribed and administered according to appropriate guidelines and dosing.

While there are potential side effects and risks associated with opioid use, the benefits of effective pain management usually outweigh the risks, especially for moderate to severe pain.

Choice A rationale:

Opioids work primarily in the peripheral nervous system to reduce pain perception" is an inaccurate statement.

Opioids primarily work in the central nervous system by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord.

While opioids can affect the peripheral nervous system indirectly, their main mechanism of action is central.

Choice B rationale:

Opioids are not suitable for managing pain in children due to potential side effects" is an overly negative and inaccurate statement.

Opioids can be suitable for managing pain in children, but their use should be carefully considered, and the potential side effects should be monitored and managed.

Choice D rationale:

Non-pharmacological interventions are more effective than opioids in pediatric pain management" is an oversimplified statement.

Non-pharmacological interventions have their place in pediatric pain management, but their effectiveness can vary depending on the type and severity of pain.

Opioids can be necessary and effective in many cases, and the choice of treatment should be based on a comprehensive assessment of the child's pain and individual needs.

Choice C rationale:

Understand the patient's growth and development to choose an appropriate assessment tool" is the most appropriate step in making a comprehensive pain assessment using a developmentally appropriate pain assessment tool.

Children of different ages and developmental stages may express pain differently.

The choice of assessment tool should take into account the child's ability to communicate and understand pain.

Age-appropriate tools should be used to ensure accurate pain assessment.

Choice A rationale:

Assess the patient's pain level without considering their developmental stage" is not an appropriate approach.

Children's pain experiences and expressions vary significantly based on their developmental stage.

Failing to consider the child's developmental stage may result in an inaccurate assessment of pain.

Choice B rationale:

Focus only on physiological indicators of pain" is an incomplete approach.

While physiological indicators are important, they should be combined with behavioral and self-report assessments to create a comprehensive pain assessment.

Relying solely on physiological indicators may miss important aspects of the child's pain experience.

Choice D rationale:

Rely on the self-report of pain by the child for accuracy" is an appropriate approach when the child is capable of self-reporting their pain.

However, in cases of pre-verbal or developmentally disabled children, self-report may not be possible or reliable, and alternative assessment methods, such as behavioral and observational assessments, should be used.