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Select the complications that can arise from a severe burn injury. Select All That Apply

Inhalation Injury

Contractures

Hypovolemic Shock

Hearing Loss

Increased Muscle Mass

Infection

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,F

Rationale:

A. Inhalation injury is a serious complication of severe burns, especially those involving the face, neck, or upper torso, or occurring in a fire with smoke or toxic fumes. Thermal or chemical injury to the respiratory tract can cause airway edema, bronchospasm, and impaired gas exchange, which can be life-threatening if not promptly managed.

B. Contractures can develop during the healing process of deep partial-thickness or full-thickness burns. Scar tissue and skin grafts can limit joint mobility, leading to permanent deformities if proper positioning, physical therapy, and splinting are not implemented.

C. Hypovolemic shock is a common early complication of severe burns. Extensive burn injuries cause massive fluid loss through damaged skin and increased capillary permeability, leading to decreased circulating blood volume, hypotension, and organ hypoperfusion. Immediate fluid resuscitation is critical to prevent shock and organ failure.

D. Hearing loss is not a recognized complication of burn injuries. Burns typically do not affect the auditory system unless there is a direct traumatic injury to the ears, which is rare.

E. Increased muscle mass is incorrect. Severe burns are associated with catabolism, muscle wasting, and negative nitrogen balance due to hypermetabolic stress, not increased muscle mass.

F. Infection is a major risk in burn patients because the skin barrier is destroyed, providing a portal for bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Burn wounds are highly susceptible to local infections and sepsis, which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in severe burn injuries.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. A hypertrophic scar is characterized by raised, firm, fibrous tissue that remains within the boundaries of the original wound. It results from excessive collagen deposition during the proliferative and remodeling phases of wound healing. These scars may improve over time but are often red or pink, firm to the touch, and can cause itching or discomfort.

B. Resolution refers to the complete healing of a wound without significant scarring or residual tissue changes. The presence of hard, raised fibrous tissue indicates abnormal scar formation, not simple resolution.

C. A contracture occurs when scar tissue tightens, restricting joint movement and potentially impairing function. While hypertrophic scars can contribute to contractures if located near joints, the primary observation here is the raised, fibrous tissue, not restricted mobility.

D. Adhesions are bands of fibrous tissue that form between internal organs or tissues, often after surgery or severe injury. They are internal and not visible on the skin surface, unlike the raised scar tissue described in this scenario.

A. Impaired erythropoiesis B. Decreased red blood cell destruction C. Increased erythropoietin production D. Elevated hemoglobin levels

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. In end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the kidneys lose the ability to produce sufficient erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. Without adequate EPO, erythropoiesis is impaired, leading to a reduced number of circulating red blood cells and anemia. This anemia is typically normocytic and normochromic, meaning the red blood cells are of normal size and color but decreased in number.

B. ESRD does not reduce red blood cell destruction. In fact, uremic toxins in ESRD may actually shorten the lifespan of red blood cells, contributing further to anemia rather than preventing it.

C. Increased erythropoietin production is incorrect. In ESRD, erythropoietin production is diminished, not increased. The lack of EPO is the primary reason for decreased red blood cell production in these patients.

D. Elevated hemoglobin levels is incorrect. Hemoglobin levels are typically decreased in ESRD due to the reduced erythropoiesis and shortened red blood cell lifespan. Elevated hemoglobin is not a feature of anemia associated with kidney disease.

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Select the complications that can arise from a severe burn injury. Select All That Apply

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client's healed wound and notes the formation of hard, raised fibrous tissue. How should the nurse document this finding?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client with end-stage kidney disease is at risk for anemia due to decreased production of erythropoietin. Which of the following conditions is most likely to contribute to anemia in end-stage renal disease?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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