Select the complications that can arise from a severe burn injury. Select All That Apply
Inhalation Injury
Contractures
Hypovolemic Shock
Hearing Loss
Increased Muscle Mass
Infection
Correct Answer : A,B,C,F
Rationale:
A. Inhalation injury is a serious complication of severe burns, especially those involving the face, neck, or upper torso, or occurring in a fire with smoke or toxic fumes. Thermal or chemical injury to the respiratory tract can cause airway edema, bronchospasm, and impaired gas exchange, which can be life-threatening if not promptly managed.
B. Contractures can develop during the healing process of deep partial-thickness or full-thickness burns. Scar tissue and skin grafts can limit joint mobility, leading to permanent deformities if proper positioning, physical therapy, and splinting are not implemented.
C. Hypovolemic shock is a common early complication of severe burns. Extensive burn injuries cause massive fluid loss through damaged skin and increased capillary permeability, leading to decreased circulating blood volume, hypotension, and organ hypoperfusion. Immediate fluid resuscitation is critical to prevent shock and organ failure.
D. Hearing loss is not a recognized complication of burn injuries. Burns typically do not affect the auditory system unless there is a direct traumatic injury to the ears, which is rare.
E. Increased muscle mass is incorrect. Severe burns are associated with catabolism, muscle wasting, and negative nitrogen balance due to hypermetabolic stress, not increased muscle mass.
F. Infection is a major risk in burn patients because the skin barrier is destroyed, providing a portal for bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Burn wounds are highly susceptible to local infections and sepsis, which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in severe burn injuries.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Raised, solid lesion less than 1 cm in diameter is correct. A papule is a small, elevated, solid lesion of the skin that is typically less than 1 centimeter in diameter. Papules can result from a variety of dermatologic conditions, including inflammatory responses, infections, or benign growths, and they are distinct from vesicles or pustules because they do not contain fluid or pus.
B. Non-inflammatory lesion with darkened color due to oxidation is incorrect. This description corresponds to a comedo, such as a blackhead, which is a type of acne lesion formed by oxidized sebum in clogged hair follicles. While comedones are common in acne, they are not considered papules because they are not solid raised lesions caused by cellular proliferation or inflammation.
C. Inflamed bump on the skin that can be tender to the touch is incorrect. While some papules may become inflamed and tender, the defining characteristic of a papule is its size and solid, raised nature, not necessarily inflammation. Inflammatory bumps that are tender and red may be better classified as pustules or nodules depending on their content and size.
D. Large, firm lesion containing purulent material is incorrect. This description defines a pustule or abscess, which contains pus composed of white blood cells, bacteria, and cellular debris. Papules do not contain fluid or pus, making this option inconsistent with the definition of a papule.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Contact burn is correct. Contact burns occur when the skin comes into direct contact with a hot surface, such as metal, stoves, or heated objects. The severity depends on temperature and duration of contact.
B. Electrical burn is correct. Electrical burns result from exposure to electrical current, which can cause both external and internal tissue damage. The severity depends on the voltage, current type, and duration of exposure. These burns often affect deeper tissues than is visible on the skin.
C. Hypovolemic burn is incorrect. Hypovolemia is a complication of severe burns, not a type of burn. Hypovolemic shock can occur when extensive fluid loss from damaged skin leads to reduced circulating blood volume, but it does not classify the burn itself.
D. Thermal burn is correct. Thermal burns are caused by heat sources such as fire, hot liquids, steam, or flames, resulting in direct damage to skin and underlying tissues. These are among the most common types of burns.
E. Chemical burn is correct. Chemical burns occur when the skin or mucous membranes come into contact with strong acids, alkalis, or other corrosive substances, leading to tissue destruction. The severity depends on the concentration, duration, and type of chemical.
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