Several employees who have a 10-year or longer smoking history ask the occupational health nurse for assistance with smoking cessation. The nurse develops a 2-month program that includes weekly group sessions on lifestyle changes and use of over-the-counter (OTC) nicotine substitute products. Which measurement provides the best indication of the program's effectiveness?
Ask the employees to inform the group if they stop smoking and if they start smoking again.
Design a questionnaire that identifies lifestyle changes that contribute to smoking cessation.
At the end of the program, test the employees' knowledge of OTC nicotine substitute products.
Survey employees to determine how many are smoking 2 months after the end of the program.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Self-reporting to the group lacks objectivity and consistency. It may be influenced by social desirability bias, where participants underreport smoking to appear compliant. It is not a reliable measure of program success.
Choice B reason: While identifying lifestyle changes is useful for understanding behavior, it does not directly measure smoking cessation outcomes. It evaluates process rather than results.
Choice C reason: Testing knowledge of nicotine products assesses cognitive learning, not behavioral change. Knowing about cessation aids does not guarantee their use or success in quitting smoking.
Choice D reason: Surveying smoking status after the program provides a direct outcome measure. It evaluates whether participants maintained abstinence, which is the ultimate goal of cessation programs. This is the most valid indicator of effectiveness.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Influenza vaccination is important for seasonal protection but is not specific to travel-related risks in developing nations. It is recommended but not the top priority.
Choice B reason: Hepatitis A is transmitted through contaminated food and water, which is a common risk in developing countries. Vaccination provides effective protection and is a priority for travelers to areas with poor sanitation.
Choice C reason: Hepatitis B is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids. While important, it is less likely to be contracted during short-term travel unless engaging in high-risk activities.
Choice D reason: Tetanus vaccination is part of routine immunization and should be up to date, but it is not specific to travel unless the client will be in rural areas with high risk of injury. It is important but not the top travel-related priority.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: While medication history is important for understanding psychiatric background, it does not address the immediate concern of potential self-harm or suicidal ideation. Antipsychotic use may suggest mental health issues, but the priority is assessing current risk.
Choice B reason: Knowing whether family members can provide meals is relevant for addressing food insecurity, but it does not address the deeper psychological concern expressed by the client. The statement about not deserving to eat suggests emotional distress that may precede self-harm.
Choice C reason: The client’s statement reflects possible suicidal ideation or severe depression. Assessing thoughts of self-harm is the highest priority to ensure safety and initiate appropriate mental health interventions. This aligns with the nursing process of prioritizing physiological and psychological safety.
Choice D reason: Financial aid resources may help with food access, but they are secondary to evaluating the client’s mental health status. Without addressing emotional well-being, resource referrals may be ineffective or ignored.
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