Community health nurses are particularly concerned with the spread of communicable diseases such as hepatitis A. Which group of Individuals should the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for contracting this type of hepatitis?

Low income families living in cramped quarters.

Sexually active persons with multiple partners.

IV drug users who share needles.

Those who have recently received a blood transfusion.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Low income families living in cramped quarters: Hepatitis A is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water. Individuals living in overcrowded or unsanitary conditions are at a higher risk due to the increased likelihood of exposure to contaminated sources and poor hygiene practices. Thus, low-income families living in cramped quarters are particularly vulnerable to hepatitis A.

B. Sexually active persons with multiple partners: While hepatitis B and C are more commonly associated with sexual transmission, hepatitis A is less commonly spread through sexual activity. Hepatitis A transmission is more directly related to poor sanitation and hygiene rather than sexual behavior alone.

C. IV drug users who share needles: Intravenous drug users who share needles are at high risk for hepatitis B and C, not hepatitis A. Hepatitis A is not typically transmitted through blood but rather through contaminated food and water.

D. Those who have recently received a blood transfusion: Hepatitis A is not transmitted through blood transfusions. Hepatitis B and C are the types of hepatitis associated with blood transfusions. Hepatitis A is spread through ingestion of contaminated food or water.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Contact kindergarten parents to remind them that the second dose of MMR is due at the start of the school year:
Directly contacting parents before the school year begins is the most effective intervention for ensuring that students receive the necessary immunizations. By reminding parents ahead of time, the school nurse can help ensure that the second dose of the MMR vaccine is administered before the start of kindergarten, which is crucial for meeting school entry requirements and protecting public health.

B) Send notices home with the children on the first day of class advising that MMR vaccine series must be completed:
Sending notices on the first day of class might be too late for many parents to act on promptly. Ensuring that children have received the second dose of the MMR vaccine before the school year starts is important for compliance and preventing potential outbreaks.

C) Note in student records that the second dose of the MMR vaccine should be administered prior to entering first grade:
While noting the requirement in student records is important for long-term tracking, it does not address the immediate need to ensure that students are up-to-date with their vaccinations before starting kindergarten. Immediate action is necessary to ensure compliance at the beginning of the school year.

D) Speak at the next parent-teacher association meeting to teach parents the benefits of immunizing their children:
While educating parents about the benefits of immunization is valuable, it does not directly address the immediate need for the second dose of the MMR vaccine. Direct reminders and actions to ensure vaccinations are up-to-date are more effective in achieving timely compliance.

A. Long bone density testing. B. Annual flu vaccination status. C. Weight and height measurement. D. Serum total cholesterol level.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Long bone density testing:
Bone density testing is typically not a priority for elementary school students. This type of testing is more relevant for older populations or individuals at risk for conditions such as osteoporosis. For elementary-aged children, other measures are more pertinent to their immediate health needs.

B) Annual flu vaccination status:
While tracking annual flu vaccination status is important for preventing influenza and maintaining public health, it does not encompass a broad range of health risks. A health risk screening protocol should include measures that provide a comprehensive view of a child's overall health and growth.

C) Weight and height measurement:
Weight and height measurements are fundamental components of health risk screening in elementary school children. These measurements help assess growth patterns, identify potential issues with malnutrition or obesity, and monitor overall health. They are critical for evaluating whether children are developing appropriately and for identifying early signs of potential health problems.

D) Serum total cholesterol level:
Measuring serum total cholesterol levels is more relevant for older children or those with specific risk factors for cardiovascular disease. For elementary school children, it is more practical to focus on growth metrics such as weight and height, which provide immediate and actionable insights into their health status.

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Community health nurses are particularly concerned with the spread of communicable diseases such as hepatitis A. Which group of Individuals should the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for contracting this type of hepatitis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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