The Foley Family is caring for their youngest child, Justin, who is suffering from tetralogy of Fallot. Which of the following are defects associated with this congenital heart condition?
Coarctation of aorta, aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, and patent ductus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonic stenosis (PS), and right ventricular hypertrophy
Aorta exits from the right ventricle, pulmonary artery exits from the left ventricle, and two noncommunicating circulations
Tricuspid valve atresia, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and hypoplastic right ventricle
The Correct Answer is B
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific abnormalities:
Ventricular septal defect (VSD): This is a hole in the wall (septum) between the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart.
Overriding aorta: The aorta is positioned over both the left and right ventricles, which allows oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood from the right ventricle to be pumped into the aorta and to the body.
Pulmonic stenosis (PS): This is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve or artery that restricts blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Right ventricular hypertrophy: The right ventricle becomes thicker and more muscular as it works harder to pump blood against the narrowed pulmonary valve or artery.
Options A, C, and D describe different congenital heart conditions and defects, but they are not associated with Tetralogy of Fallot:
A. Coarctation of aorta, aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve stenosis, and patent ductus arteriosus are not part of the constellation of defects seen in the Tetralogy of Fallot.
C. Describing the aorta exiting from the right ventricle and pulmonary artery exiting from the left ventricle with two noncommunicating circulations is characteristic of transposition of the great arteries, not Tetralogy of Fallot.
D. Tricuspid valve atresia, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and hypoplastic right ventricle describe a different congenital heart condition, not Tetralogy of Fallot.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","E"]
Explanation
The findings that indicate a diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in a 5-year-old patient are:
A. Peripheral Edema: Peripheral edema, or swelling in the extremities, can be a sign of fluid retention due to impaired kidney function in AKI.
E. Oliguria: Oliguria, which is a decreased urine output, is a common sign of AKI. It can be defined as a urine output of less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour in children.
The other findings mentioned (B, C, and D) do not specifically indicate a diagnosis of AKI:
B. Blood pressure of 112/70: The blood pressure within this range is not necessarily indicative of AKI on its own.
C. Potassium level of 4.7 (normal: 3.5-5.0 mmol/L): While abnormal potassium levels can be associated with AKI, a potassium level of 4.7 mmol/L is within the normal range.
D. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not typically a direct symptom of AKI but may be seen in various other conditions or as a result of electrolyte imbalances associated with kidney dysfunction.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis instead of the tip. Circumcision is contraindicated in infants with hypospadias because the foreskin may be used for surgical repair in some cases. The urologist may need to use the foreskin tissue for reconstructive surgery to correct the hypospadias, making circumcision inappropriate at this time.
The other options are appropriate:
A. Hepatitis B vaccine: Vaccination is important for the prevention of infectious diseases.
B. Straight catheterization: This may be necessary for medical evaluation or management but should be done as indicated by the medical team.
C. Hearing screening: Hearing screening is a routine evaluation for newborns and infants to identify hearing problems early.
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