The nurses admiting a school-age child in acute renal failure o reduced glomerular filtration rate. Which urine test is the most useful clinical indication of glomerular filtration rate?
Protein level
Creatinine
Osmolality
pH
The Correct Answer is B
Creatinine is a waste product generated by muscle metabolism and excreted by the kidneys. It is commonly used as a marker of renal function because it is filtered by the glomeruli and almost entirely excreted in the urine. When there is a reduction in GFR, as in acute renal failure, creatinine levels in the blood tend to rise. Elevated serum creatinine levels are indicative of impaired kidney function and a decreased GFR.
The other options are not direct indicators of GFR:
A. Protein level: While proteinuria (elevated protein levels in urine) can be a sign of kidney dysfunction, it is not a direct measurement of GFR. Proteinuria can occur for various reasons, including glomerular damage, but it doesn't provide a precise assessment of GFR.
C. Osmolality: Urine osmolality reflects the concentration of solutes in urine but is not a direct measure of GFR. It can provide information about the concentrating ability of the kidneys, but it doesn't assess the overall filtration rate.
D. pH: Urine pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of urine and is not a direct indicator of GFR. It can be influenced by factors such as diet and renal tubular function but does not directly measure the filtration rate of the glomeruli.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
The congenital heart diseases that often require multiple surgeries to correct are:
A. Tetralogy of Fallot: Tetralogy of Fallot usually requires staged surgical repairs, with multiple surgeries performed over time to address the various components of the defect.
B. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome typically requires a series of staged surgeries, including the Norwood procedure, Glenn procedure, and Fontan procedure, to manage the condition.
E. Coarctation of the Aorta: Coarctation of the aorta may require multiple surgeries or interventions, depending on the severity of the coarctation and the associated cardiovascular abnormalities.
C. Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and D. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) usually do not require multiple surgeries for correction. These defects can often be repaired with a single surgical intervention or may close spontaneously without surgery in some cases.
It's important to note that the necessity for multiple surgeries can vary based on the individual patient's condition and the specific anatomical details of the heart defect. Treatment plans are typically tailored to each patient's needs and can include a combination of surgical and medical interventions.
Correct Answer is ["A","E"]
Explanation
The findings that indicate a diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in a 5-year-old patient are:
A. Peripheral Edema: Peripheral edema, or swelling in the extremities, can be a sign of fluid retention due to impaired kidney function in AKI.
E. Oliguria: Oliguria, which is a decreased urine output, is a common sign of AKI. It can be defined as a urine output of less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour in children.
The other findings mentioned (B, C, and D) do not specifically indicate a diagnosis of AKI:
B. Blood pressure of 112/70: The blood pressure within this range is not necessarily indicative of AKI on its own.
C. Potassium level of 4.7 (normal: 3.5-5.0 mmol/L): While abnormal potassium levels can be associated with AKI, a potassium level of 4.7 mmol/L is within the normal range.
D. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not typically a direct symptom of AKI but may be seen in various other conditions or as a result of electrolyte imbalances associated with kidney dysfunction.
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