The health care provider has ordered a hypotonic intravenous (IV) solution to be administered. Which IV bag will the nurse prepare?
0.9% sodium chloride (NS)
0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS)
Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringer's (DSLR)
Lactated Ringer's (LR)
The Correct Answer is B
A. 0.9% sodium chloride, also known as Normal Saline, is an isotonic solution. It has the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma, which means it does not change the cell's fluid volume but rather maintains it. It is not considered hypotonic.
B. 0.45% sodium chloride, commonly known as Half Normal Saline, is a hypotonic solution. It has a lower concentration of sodium chloride compared to the normal saline and is used to provide hydration and to help correct electrolyte imbalances by allowing water to move into the cells.
C. Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringer's is not a hypotonic solution. It is actually a type of hypertonic solution. Initially, dextrose 5% is isotonic, but once the dextrose is metabolized, the solution becomes hypotonic due to the electrolyte content of Lactated Ringer’s. However, the classification is generally based on the solution before metabolism, and it is not commonly used as a hypotonic solution.
D. Lactated Ringer's solution is an isotonic solution. It contains electrolytes in concentrations similar to those found in the body's plasma, and it is used to restore fluids and electrolytes. It does not have a hypotonic effect on cells.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Murmurs are usually related to valve dysfunctions, such as tricuspid or pulmonic valve issues, which may or may not be present in right-sided heart failure.
B. Crackles (or rales) are more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure. They result from fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary congestion) due to the heart's inability to handle the blood returning from the lungs.
C. Chest pain can occur in various cardiac conditions but is not a hallmark symptom of right-sided heart failure. It might be present if there are underlying coronary artery disease issues or other conditions, but it is not directly indicative of right-sided heart failure.
D. Peripheral edema is a classic finding in right-sided heart failure. It results from fluid accumulation in the lower extremities due to the heart's inability to effectively pump blood to the lungs and systemic circulation, causing increased venous pressure and fluid leakage into the tissues.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Abdominal distension is not typically associated with hypokalemia.
B. Often described as pins and needles, this is a common symptom of hypokalemia.
C. Specifically, the appearance of a U wave is a characteristic sign of hypokalemia.
D. Potassium is essential for muscle function, so low levels can lead to weakness.
E. Peak T wave on EKG is associated with hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia.
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