The health care provider suspects the Somogyi effect in a 66-yr-old patient whose 2:00 AM blood glucose is 66 mg/dL. Which action will the nurse teach the patient to take?

Give 15 grams of simple carbs at 3:00am

Have a snack at bedtime.

Increase the insulin dose.

Do nothing, this is normal

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Giving carbohydrates at 3:00 AM might prevent hypoglycemia temporarily but does not address the underlying issue.
B. Having a snack at bedtime helps prevent nighttime hypoglycemia, which can lead to rebound hyperglycemia, known as the Somogyi effect.
C. Increasing the insulin dose could exacerbate nocturnal hypoglycemia, worsening the Somogyi effect.
D. Doing nothing is inappropriate as the low 2:00 AM glucose level is a sign of the Somogyi effect.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Urine-specific gravity provides information on the kidney's ability to concentrate urine but is not the most direct measure of renal function.
B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) can indicate kidney function but is influenced by factors other than kidney health, such as hydration status and protein intake.
C. Serum sodium levels are not a specific indicator of renal function and can vary based on many factors unrelated to kidney health.
D. Serum creatinine is the best indicator of renal function, as it is produced from muscle metabolism and cleared by the kidneys; elevated levels indicate decreased renal function.

A. Macrovascular angiopathy B. Diabetic nephropathy C. Diabetic neuropathy D. Microvascular angiopathy

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Macrovascular angiopathy refers to damage in large and medium-sized vessels, which is associated with cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and peripheral vascular disease in diabetic patients.
B. Diabetic nephropathy involves the kidneys, not the large or medium blood vessels.
C. Diabetic neuropathy affects nerves rather than blood vessels.
D. Microvascular angiopathy involves small vessels, typically affecting the eyes, kidneys, and nerves.

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The health care provider suspects the Somogyi effect in a 66-yr-old patient whose 2:00 AM blood glucose is 66 mg/dL. Which action will the nurse teach the patient to take?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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