A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who reports feeling shaky and having palpitations. When the nurse finds the client's blood glucose to be 48 mg/dL on the glucometer, he should give the client which of the following?

4 oz diet soda

1 tsp sugar

4 oz skim milk

Graham crackers

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. 4 oz diet soda: Diet soda contains artificial sweeteners, not real sugar, and therefore will not effectively raise blood glucose levels. It's not suitable for treating hypoglycemia.

B. 1 tsp sugar: While 1 tsp of sugar can provide some glucose, the amount is insufficient to treat hypoglycemia effectively. The American Diabetes Association recommends 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates, which is equivalent to about 4 teaspoons of sugar, not 1.

C. 4 oz skim milk: Skim milk contains both carbohydrates (approximately 12 grams of carbohydrates per 8 oz, so 4 oz would provide around 6 grams) and protein. While it can help raise blood glucose, it may not provide the recommended 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates to treat hypoglycemia quickly enough.

D. Graham crackers: Foods with a high glycemic index (GI), such as graham crackers, can cause blood sugar levels to rise relatively quickly. Graham crackers, being high in refined carbohydrates, can indeed result in a rapid increase in blood glucose levels compared to low-GI foods.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "This type of diabetes means that the cells in your pancreas do not produce any insulin.": Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, which results in an absolute deficiency of insulin. Patients require insulin therapy for management.

B. "This can be a reversible condition, so we will discuss ways to improve your health.": Type 1 diabetes is not reversible. It is a lifelong condition that requires continuous insulin therapy.

C. "Your HbA1c level of 5.7% or below indicates you have impaired glucose tolerance.": An HbA1c level of 5.7% or below is considered normal or indicative of well-controlled blood glucose levels, not impaired glucose tolerance. Impaired glucose tolerance is typically identified with HbA1c levels from 5.7% to 6.4%.

D. "Since you still have working beta cells, you can try a diet to lower your blood sugar.": In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells are mostly or completely non-functional, meaning dietary changes alone are insufficient. Insulin replacement is necessary.

A. Restrict fluid intake. B. Weigh the client daily. C. Provide a low-carbohydrate diet. D. Administer oral corticosteroids.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Restrict fluid intake: In Addison's disease, there is often a risk of dehydration due to insufficient aldosterone leading to fluid loss and electrolyte imbalance. Fluid restriction could exacerbate these problems and is contraindicated.

B. Weigh the client daily. Monitoring daily weight is crucial to detect rapid weight changes which can indicate fluid imbalance, a common issue in Addison's disease. It helps in early detection of complications like dehydration or fluid overload.

C. Provide a low-carbohydrate diet. A low-carbohydrate diet is not specifically recommended for Addison's disease. Clients with Addison’s might need an adequate intake of carbohydrates to prevent hypoglycemia, particularly during stress or illness.

D. Administer oral corticosteroids. Addison's disease is characterized by insufficient production of corticosteroids. Administering oral corticosteroids is essential to replace the missing hormones and prevent an Addisonian crisis, especially during stress or illness.

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A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who reports feeling shaky and having palpitations. When the nurse finds the client's blood glucose to be 48 mg/dL on the glucometer, he should give the client which of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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