A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who reports feeling shaky and having palpitations. When the nurse finds the client's blood glucose to be 48 mg/dL on the glucometer, he should give the client which of the following?

4 oz diet soda

1 tsp sugar

4 oz skim milk

Graham crackers

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. 4 oz diet soda: Diet soda contains artificial sweeteners, not real sugar, and therefore will not effectively raise blood glucose levels. It's not suitable for treating hypoglycemia.

B. 1 tsp sugar: While 1 tsp of sugar can provide some glucose, the amount is insufficient to treat hypoglycemia effectively. The American Diabetes Association recommends 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates, which is equivalent to about 4 teaspoons of sugar, not 1.

C. 4 oz skim milk: Skim milk contains both carbohydrates (approximately 12 grams of carbohydrates per 8 oz, so 4 oz would provide around 6 grams) and protein. While it can help raise blood glucose, it may not provide the recommended 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates to treat hypoglycemia quickly enough.

D. Graham crackers: Foods with a high glycemic index (GI), such as graham crackers, can cause blood sugar levels to rise relatively quickly. Graham crackers, being high in refined carbohydrates, can indeed result in a rapid increase in blood glucose levels compared to low-GI foods.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "These tests help determine the degree of damage to the heart tissues.": Cardiac enzymes, such as troponins and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), are released into the blood when heart muscle is damaged. Elevated levels indicate the presence and extent of myocardial injury, helping to confirm the diagnosis of an MI.

B. "These tests will enable the provider to determine the heart structure and mobility of the heart valves.": This is incorrect; cardiac enzymes do not provide information about heart structure or valve function. An echocardiogram or other imaging studies are used for structural assessment.

C. "Cardiac enzymes assist in diagnosing the presence of pulmonary congestion.": Pulmonary congestion is not directly diagnosed with cardiac enzymes. It is typically identified through clinical assessment and imaging like chest X-rays.

D. "Cardiac enzymes will identify the location of the MI.": While cardiac enzymes confirm the presence of myocardial damage, they do not specify the exact location. The location is identified using ECG and imaging techniques.

A. Aortic stenosis B. Heart failure C. Asthma D. Aortic valve regurgitation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Aortic stenosis: While aortic stenosis can cause fatigue and dyspnea, it typically presents with a systolic murmur and symptoms related to reduced blood flow out of the left ventricle, such as syncope or angina. However, tachycardia and weak pulses are less characteristic without advanced disease and heart failure.

B. Heart failure: Dyspnea, fatigue, tachycardia, and weak peripheral pulses are common manifestations of heart failure. The heart's inability to pump effectively leads to reduced cardiac output and poor perfusion of tissues, resulting in these symptoms

C. Asthma: Asthma is characterized primarily by respiratory symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing, especially during an attack. It does not typically cause tachycardia and weak peripheral pulses as a primary manifestation.

D. Aortic valve regurgitation: This condition can lead to symptoms like dyspnea and fatigue due to decreased cardiac efficiency, but it more commonly presents with a diastolic murmur, wide pulse pressure, and a characteristic bounding pulse rather than weak peripheral pulses.

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A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who reports feeling shaky and having palpitations. When the nurse finds the client's blood glucose to be 48 mg/dL on the glucometer, he should give the client which of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching the partner of a client who had an acute myocardial infarction (MI) about the reason blood was drawn from the client. Which of the following statements should the nurse make regarding cardiac enzymes studies?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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