The healthcare provider (HCP) prescribes 1 liter of 0.9% sodium chloride, USP IV to be infused over 12 hours for a client. How many mL/hr should the nurse program the infusion pump to deliver?

(Enter numerical value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest whole number.)

A. Expectorating bronchial secretions: This outcome is more closely associated with expectorants, which loosen mucus in the airways. Antitussives, by contrast, suppress the cough reflex and are not intended to increase mucus clearance or productive coughing.

B. Reports reduced nasal discharge: Reduced nasal discharge is typically an effect of decongestants or antihistamines, not antitussive medications. Antitussives target the cough reflex, not nasal secretions.

C. Able to sleep through the night: While improved sleep may result from reduced coughing, it is a secondary and nonspecific outcome. The ability to sleep could be influenced by other factors such as overall symptom relief, not necessarily the effectiveness of the antitussive alone.

D. Denies having coughing spells: Antitussives are designed to suppress the cough reflex, particularly in cases of dry, nonproductive cough. A report of no more coughing spells directly reflects the intended therapeutic effect of the medication.

A. Document the client's refusal of the medication at this time: While documentation is necessary if a medication is refused, the priority is to educate the client first. The nurse should explain the proper timing of sucralfate to promote understanding and adherence rather than simply accepting refusal.

B. Explain the need to take the medication at least 1 hour before meals: Sucralfate acts by forming a protective barrier over ulcerated mucosa and must be taken on an empty stomach for maximum effectiveness. Administering it one hour before meals ensures the stomach lining is properly coated before food intake.

C. Allow the client to take the medication up to 1 hour after breakfast: Taking sucralfate after a meal diminishes its ability to bind effectively to the mucosa. Food interferes with its action, so post-meal dosing is inappropriate for achieving therapeutic benefit.

D. Instruct the client to take it when the meal tray is delivered: Taking sucralfate at mealtime is too late for optimal therapeutic effect. At that point, gastric contents may interfere with its binding to ulcerated areas, reducing its protective action.