The infant with congestive heart failure has a need for:

Choice A reason: Surgery is the definitive treatment for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, which is a condition in which the muscle of the pylorus (the outlet of the stomach) becomes thickened and blocks the passage of food into the small intestine. The surgery, called pyloromyotomy, involves cutting the muscle to widen the opening and allow food to pass through. The surgery is usually done laparoscopically, with small incisions and a camera, and has a high success rate and low complication rate¹.

Choice B reason: Dietary restrictions are not required throughout childhood for infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. After the surgery, the infant can resume normal feeding, usually within a few hours or days. The infant may have some vomiting or spitting up for a short period, but this usually resolves without any special diet.

Choice C reason: Slow feeding is not a necessary intervention for infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Slow feeding may help reduce the amount of vomiting, but it does not address the underlying problem of the pyloric obstruction. Slow feeding may also cause the infant to become frustrated, hungry, or tired. The infant should be fed according to his or her appetite and cues, and burped frequently to prevent air swallowing.

Choice D reason: Chromosomal mutation is not the cause of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The exact cause of this condition is unknown, but it is likely influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Some studies have found an association between hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and certain genes, but no single gene mutation has been identified as the cause. Other risk factors include being male, firstborn, premature, exposed to certain antibiotics, or having a family history of the condition².

Choice A reason: This is not a correct statement, as treatment for atopic dermatitis includes keeping the skin moist, not dry. Dry skin can worsen the itching and inflammation of eczema. Moisturizers, emollients, and topical steroids can help hydrate and protect the skin¹.

Choice B reason: This is not a correct statement, as there is no cure for atopic dermatitis. It is a chronic condition that can flare up and subside over time. Treatment can help control the symptoms and prevent complications, but it cannot eliminate the disease¹.

Choice C reason: This is not a correct statement, as atopic dermatitis is not directly associated with upper respiratory tract infections. However, some infants with atopic dermatitis may also have asthma or allergic rhinitis, which can increase the risk of respiratory infections².

Choice D reason: This is the correct statement, as atopic dermatitis is associated with allergy with a hereditary tendency. It is a type of hypersensitivity reaction that involves the immune system and the skin barrier. It is more common in infants who have a family history of eczema, asthma, or hay fever¹².