The insertion of a needle or tube to remove air from the pleural space and re-establish negative pressure so the lung can re-expand is called?.

Choice A rationale:

Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure to gain access to the thoracic organs, not specifically for removing air from the pleural space.

Choice B rationale:

A lung biopsy involves removing lung tissue for examination, not removing air from the pleural space.

Choice C rationale:

Lung re-expansion is the goal of the procedure, not the procedure itself.

Choice D rationale:

A chest tube is inserted to remove air from the pleural space and re-establish negative pressure so the lung can re-expand3.

The correct answer is Choice D.

Choice A rationale:

Vasoconstriction refers to the narrowing of blood vessels. When blood vessels constrict, they reduce the volume of blood that can flow through them, which increases the pressure. However, the flow is decreased, not increased.

Choice B rationale:

As explained above, vasoconstriction increases pressure but decreases flow.

Choice C rationale:

While vasoconstriction does increase pressure, it does not increase flow. Instead, it decreases flow.

Choice D rationale:

Vasoconstriction results in increased pressure and decreased flow. This happens because the narrowing of the blood vessels increases the resistance to blood flow, thereby increasing the pressure. At the same time, the reduced diameter of the blood vessels decreases the amount of blood that can flow through them.