The most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in male clients and postmenopausal female clients is:

Bleeding

Chronic alcohol use

Menorrhagia

Iron malabsorption

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Bleeding, particularly gastrointestinal, is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in males and postmenopausal females. Blood loss reduces iron stores, as hemoglobin contains iron, and chronic bleeding (e.g., from ulcers or colon cancer) depletes iron faster than dietary intake can replenish, leading to anemia.

Choice B reason: Chronic alcohol use may contribute to anemia through nutritional deficiencies or liver disease, but it is not the primary cause. Alcohol can impair folate metabolism or cause gastrointestinal bleeding, but direct blood loss is a more common and significant driver of iron deficiency in these populations.

Choice C reason: Menorrhagia, or heavy menstrual bleeding, is a common cause of iron deficiency anemia in premenopausal women, not males or postmenopausal females. After menopause, menstruation ceases, eliminating this as a cause, making bleeding from other sources, like the gastrointestinal tract, more relevant.

Choice D reason: Iron malabsorption, as in celiac disease or gastric surgery, can cause iron deficiency but is less common than bleeding. Malabsorption impairs dietary iron uptake, but chronic blood loss, especially from gastrointestinal sources, is the leading cause in males and postmenopausal females due to higher prevalence.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: A blood pressure reading of 120/85 mm Hg is normal but not specific to SIADH. While fluid overload in SIADH may elevate blood pressure, this reading is not diagnostic. Hypertension is possible but not a consistent finding, as fluid retention primarily causes hyponatremia and other symptoms.

Choice B reason: Pitting edema in the lower extremities is uncommon in SIADH, as fluid retention is primarily intravascular, leading to dilutional hyponatremia rather than extravascular edema. Edema is more typical in conditions like heart failure or nephrotic syndrome, not the water retention mechanism of SIADH.

Choice C reason: Normal skin turgor is not typical in SIADH, as water retention can cause slight fluid overload, potentially leading to subtle tissue swelling. While not as pronounced as edema, skin turgor may be slightly increased due to excess fluid, making “normal” less accurate than moist mucous membranes.

Choice D reason: Moist mucous membranes are expected in SIADH due to excessive water retention from ADH overactivity. This leads to fluid overload, keeping mucosal tissues hydrated and moist, unlike the dehydration seen in diabetes insipidus, which causes dry mucous membranes due to water loss.

A. Recent blood donation B. A history of venous thromboembolism C. Evidence of lung disease D. Impaired renal function

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Recent blood donation is not a primary cause of secondary polycythemia, which results from chronic hypoxia or erythropoietin excess, not blood loss. Donation may temporarily reduce red blood cell count, but it does not drive the increased erythropoiesis seen in secondary polycythemia, making it less relevant.

Choice B reason: A history of venous thromboembolism is a consequence, not a cause, of secondary polycythemia. Increased red blood cell mass elevates blood viscosity, raising clotting risk, but thromboembolism does not trigger polycythemia. The nurse should assess for underlying causes like hypoxia, not its complications.

Choice C reason: Evidence of lung disease is critical to assess, as secondary polycythemia is often caused by chronic hypoxia from conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Low oxygen levels stimulate erythropoietin production, increasing red blood cell mass to enhance oxygen delivery, making lung disease a primary factor to evaluate.

Choice D reason: Impaired renal function is not a primary cause of secondary polycythemia. While kidneys produce erythropoietin, renal disease typically causes anemia due to reduced erythropoietin. Rarely, renal tumors may increase erythropoietin, but lung disease is a more common driver of secondary polycythemia in clinical practice.

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The most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in male clients and postmenopausal female clients is:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client admitted with SIADH. What finding would the nurse expect to assess in a client with SIADH?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client's electronic health record notes that the client has previously undergone treatment for secondary polycythemia. The nurse should assess for which factor?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client is ordered desmopressin (DDAVP) for the treatment of diabetes insipidus. What therapeutic response does the nurse anticipate the client will experience?

What interventions can the nurse encourage the client with diabetes insipidus to implement to control thirst and compensate for urine loss?

A client sustained a head injury as a result of trauma. The health care provider has instituted seizure prophylactic measures. The nurse anticipates which specific measures being initiated for this client?

A nurse is assisting a client who had a recent stroke with getting dressed for physical therapy. The client looks at each piece of clothing before putting it on the body. The client states, “This is how I know what item I am holding.” What impairment is this client likely experiencing?

A client has been taking tricyclic antidepressants for many years for the treatment of depression. The client has developed SIADH and has been admitted to the acute care facility. What should the nurse carefully monitor when caring for this client? (Select all that apply)

The nurse is collecting data for a client who has been diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. What subjective findings does the nurse recognize as symptoms related to this type of anemia?

A client with anemia has been admitted to the medical-surgical unit. Which assessment findings are characteristic of iron deficiency anemia?

A client is brought to the emergency department with symptoms of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The nurse would anticipate which diagnostic evaluation to be completed prior to initiation of treatment?