The muscles responsible for goosebumps are the ________ and would be an example of which type of muscle?
arrector pili muscles; skeletal
apocrine pili muscles; smooth
arrector pili muscles; cardiac
arrector pili muscles; smooth
The Correct Answer is D
A. arrector pili muscles; skeletal
Arrector pili muscles are not voluntary, and skeletal muscle is under voluntary control.
B. apocrine pili muscles; smooth
“Apocrine pili” is not a valid term. Apocrine glands are sweat glands, not muscles.
C. arrector pili muscles; cardiac
Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and is not associated with skin or hair.
D. arrector pili muscles; smooth
These small involuntary muscles are attached to hair follicles and made of smooth muscle, which contracts to produce goosebumps (piloerection) in response to cold or emotional stimuli.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. stratum basale
This is the deepest layer of the epidermis, and it contains mitotically active basal cells that regenerate the epidermis after injury.
B. stratum lucidum
This is a thin, transparent layer found only in thick skin (palms and soles). It does not contribute to regeneration.
C. stratum corneum
This is the outermost layer made of dead keratinized cells. It provides protection but does not regenerate tissue.
D. stratum granulosum
This layer helps in keratin formation but does not contain actively dividing cells and plays no major role in regeneration.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. ground substance
This is a major component of the ECM, consisting of water, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins that fill the space between fibers and cells.
B. cytoplasmic inclusions
These are structures found inside the cell (e.g., glycogen granules, lipid droplets), not in the extracellular matrix.
C. fluid
Interstitial fluid (extracellular fluid) is part of the ECM and facilitates nutrient and waste exchange.
D. protein fibers
Collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers are key components of the ECM that provide strength, flexibility, and support.
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