The nurse anticipates that there will be two classic hematologic characteristics in the blood chemistry of a child with nephrotic syndrome which are: (Select all that apply.)

Anemia

Hypolipidemia

Hyperipidemia

Hypoproteinemia

Hypoglycemia

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A. Anemia can be a common finding in nephrotic syndrome, often due to the loss of proteins like transferrin that are involved in red blood cell production, along with potential blood loss during episodes of proteinuria. The reduction in red blood cell production or anemia in nephrotic syndrome can also be exacerbated by decreased erythropoietin production.

B. Hypolipidemia is not a characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. In fact, nephrotic syndrome is associated with hyperlipidemia.

C. Hyperlipidemia is a classic feature of nephrotic syndrome. It results from an increase in the synthesis of lipoproteins by the liver as a compensatory mechanism to the loss of proteins (particularly albumin) in the urine.

D. Hypoproteinemia, specifically hypoalbuminemia, is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. The loss of protein (especially albumin) through the urine due to damaged glomeruli leads to decreased levels of proteins in the blood. This contributes to the characteristic edema seen in nephrotic syndrome.

E. Hypoglycemia is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. Instead, children with nephrotic syndrome generally do not experience significant changes in glucose metabolism. In fact, if anything, glucose levels may be slightly elevated in some cases due to stress or steroid treatment.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "You can give your child acetaminophen (Tylenol) every 4-6 hours as needed for pain."

Option A is the most appropriate response because it addresses pain management, which is a common symptom in cases of tonsillitis. Acetaminophen can be used to provide relief from pain and fever, which are often associated with viral tonsillitis. However, it's important for the parent to follow the dosing instructions on the medication label and consult with their healthcare provider if they have any concerns or if the child's condition worsens.

Option B ("You will need to schedule a follow-up appointment in 2 weeks") is also not the best initial response, as it doesn't address immediate care at home for the child's comfort and pain relief.

Option C ("You will need to give your child a prescribed antibiotic for 10 days") is not the correct approach, as antibiotics do not treat viral illnesses. Viral tonsillitis is usually caused by a viral infection, and antibiotics are not effective for viral infections.

Option D ("You can place warm towels around your child's neck for comfort") can provide some comfort but is not the primary treatment for viral tonsillitis. It may help alleviate discomfort, but pain relief with acetaminophen is typically more effective.

A. Pyloric stenosis B. Enterocolitis C. Encopresis D. Hirschsprung's disease

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A.Pyloric stenosis is a condition where there's narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the small intestine. It is not related to inadequate motility of the intestine.

B.Enterocolitis refers to inflammation of the small intestine and colon. While this can cause obstruction in some cases, it's not the primary cause of inadequate motility as seen in the question.

C.Encopresis is the voluntary or involuntary passage of feces outside the toilet in children who should be toilet trained. It is not a cause of mechanical intestinal obstruction.

D. Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital disorder where there is inadequate motility in part of the intestine, leading to mechanical obstruction. It usually affects the colon and is due to the absence of ganglion cells in the affected segment of the bowel.

So, Hirschsprung's disease is the specific condition that leads to inadequate motility and mechanical obstruction of part of the intestine in infants.

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The nurse anticipates that there will be two classic hematologic characteristics in the blood chemistry of a child with nephrotic syndrome which are: (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A parent asks how to care for a child at home who has the diagnosis of viral tonsillitis. What is the nurse's best response?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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