A nurse is caring for a 6-week-old infant who has hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect?
Ridged abdomen
Distended neck veins
Red currant jelly stools
Projectile vomiting
The Correct Answer is D
A. Rigid abdomen: A rigid abdomen is not a common finding in HPS. However, it is more typical in conditions such as intestinal obstruction.
B. Distended neck veins: Distended neck veins are not a typical manifestation of HPS. They may be associated with other cardiovascular or respiratory issues.
C. Red currant jelly stools: Red currant jelly-like stools are not typically seen in HPS. This description is often used to describe the appearance of stools in intussusception, which is a different gastrointestinal condition.
D. Projectile vomiting.
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition in infants where the muscle at the outlet of the stomach (pylorus) becomes thickened and obstructs the passage of food from the stomach into the small intestine. Projectile vomiting is a characteristic symptom of HPS. The vomit is forceful and seems to shoot out of the infant's mouth, typically occurring after feeding.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A white glow of the pupil, often referred to as "cat's eye reflex" or "leukocoria," is a significant and characteristic sign of retinoblastoma. It occurs when the tumor within the eye reflects light, resulting in a white or yellowish glow in the pupil when light is shined into it. This can be seen in flash photographs or in certain lighting conditions. It's a crucial sign that may indicate the presence of retinoblastoma, a rare eye cancer that primarily affects young children.
The other options, B (ptosis of the eye), C (fixed and dilated pupil), and D (purulent eye discharge), are not typically associated with retinoblastoma. Ptosis is the drooping of the upper eyelid, a fixed and dilated pupil is usually a sign of neurological issues, and purulent eye discharge is often associated with eye infections rather than retinoblastoma.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Insulin is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose in cells.
B. Epinephrine (adrenaline) can raise blood glucose levels in response to the "fight or flight" stress response, but it's not primarily responsible for stimulating liver glycogenolysis.
C. Glucagon is produced by the alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans and plays a crucial role in increasing blood glucose levels. It promotes the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis) in the liver and the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (gluconeogenesis).
D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol, which can also contribute to raising blood glucose levels but isn't primarily responsible for liver glycogenolysis.
In the context of diabetes management, understanding the role of glucagon is important because it helps individuals know how to manage hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) by administering glucagon or consuming fast-acting sources of glucose.
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