A 1-year-old is being screened for retinoblastoma based on family history of the disease. The nurse recognizes which sign as being most characteristic of the disease?

White glow of the pupil.

Ptosis of the eye

Fixed and dilated pupil

Purulent eye discharge

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A white glow of the pupil, often referred to as "cat's eye reflex" or "leukocoria," is a significant and characteristic sign of retinoblastoma. It occurs when the tumor within the eye reflects light, resulting in a white or yellowish glow in the pupil when light is shined into it. This can be seen in flash photographs or in certain lighting conditions. It's a crucial sign that may indicate the presence of retinoblastoma, a rare eye cancer that primarily affects young children.

The other options, B (ptosis of the eye), C (fixed and dilated pupil), and D (purulent eye discharge), are not typically associated with retinoblastoma. Ptosis is the drooping of the upper eyelid, a fixed and dilated pupil is usually a sign of neurological issues, and purulent eye discharge is often associated with eye infections rather than retinoblastoma.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Neutropenic Precautions: Neutropenia refers to a low neutrophil count, a type of white blood cell responsible for fighting infections. While children with leukemia are at risk for neutropenia due to the disease and its treatment, the primary concern in this scenario is the critically low platelet count and the risk of bleeding. Neutropenic precautions focus on preventing infections.

B. Droplet Precautions: Droplet precautions are used when dealing with respiratory infections that are transmitted through respiratory droplets, such as coughing or sneezing. This is not the primary concern for a child with leukemia and a low platelet count, as the main risk is bleeding due to the low platelet count.

C. Bleeding Precautions: Leukemia, especially in a child with a critically low platelet count, puts the child at a high risk of bleeding. Platelets are essential for blood clotting, and when they are severely decreased, even minor injuries can lead to excessive bleeding. The nurse should take precautions to minimize the risk of bleeding. This includes avoiding invasive procedures, using a soft toothbrush, and ensuring that the child does not participate in activities that could result in injury.

D. Contact Precautions: Contact precautions are used to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases through direct contact. While a child with leukemia may have a weakened immune system and be at risk of infections, the primary concern in this case is the critically low platelet count and the risk of bleeding. Contact precautions are more relevant in cases of contagious diseases where physical contact could transmit the infection.

A. Hypernatremia and Diabetes Insipidus B. Hyponatremia and Diabetes insipidus C. Hyponatremia and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) D. Hypernatremia and Syndrome of inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hypernatremia and Diabetes Insipidus.

The symptoms described, including dry mucous membranes, high urinary output, and seizures, are consistent with hypernatremia, which is an elevated level of sodium in the blood, and Diabetes Insipidus (DI).

Diabetes Insipidus is a condition where the body is unable to properly regulate water balance, leading to excessive thirst and urination. In the presence of DI, water loss is excessive, leading to dehydration, increased sodium levels, and potentially seizures.

B. Hyponatremia and Diabetes Insipidus: This option doesn't align with the symptom of hypernatremia (elevated sodium levels) but suggests low sodium levels (hyponatremia), which would have different symptoms.

C. Hyponatremia and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH): This option also suggests low sodium levels (hyponatremia) and a different condition (SIADH) characterized by water retention and dilution of the blood, which is not consistent with the described symptoms.

D. Hypernatremia and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH): This option suggests high sodium levels (hypernatremia) but includes SIADH, which would not result in high urinary output. SIADH is characterized by excessive retention of water, leading to low urinary output and concentrated urine.

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A 1-year-old is being screened for retinoblastoma based on family history of the disease. The nurse recognizes which sign as being most characteristic of the disease?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is admitting a child who has leukemia and a critically low platelet count. Which of the following precautions should the nurse initiate?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old who is lethargic and irritable after brain tumor surgery. She is noted to have dry mucous membranes and high urinary output. She has had 2 generalized seizures in the past hour. Which of the following is likely causing these symptoms?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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