A 1-year-old is being screened for retinoblastoma based on family history of the disease. The nurse recognizes which sign as being most characteristic of the disease?

White glow of the pupil.

Ptosis of the eye

Fixed and dilated pupil

Purulent eye discharge

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A white glow of the pupil, often referred to as "cat's eye reflex" or "leukocoria," is a significant and characteristic sign of retinoblastoma. It occurs when the tumor within the eye reflects light, resulting in a white or yellowish glow in the pupil when light is shined into it. This can be seen in flash photographs or in certain lighting conditions. It's a crucial sign that may indicate the presence of retinoblastoma, a rare eye cancer that primarily affects young children.

The other options, B (ptosis of the eye), C (fixed and dilated pupil), and D (purulent eye discharge), are not typically associated with retinoblastoma. Ptosis is the drooping of the upper eyelid, a fixed and dilated pupil is usually a sign of neurological issues, and purulent eye discharge is often associated with eye infections rather than retinoblastoma.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Dress the child in woolen clothes during cold months: Wool can be irritating to the skin and may worsen eczema symptoms. Cotton or soft fabrics are typically better choices.

B. Launder the child's clothing with fabric softener: Fabric softeners often contain chemicals that can irritate the skin. It's best to use fragrance-free and hypoallergenic detergents and skip fabric softeners.

C. Apply a topical corticosteroid ointment to the affected area.

When teaching a parent of a preschooler with eczema, it's essential to provide guidance on appropriate treatments. Applying a topical corticosteroid ointment is an effective approach for managing eczema symptoms. These medications can help reduce inflammation and itching, which are common in eczema. However, it's crucial for the parent to use them as directed by a healthcare provider and not excessively.

D. Give the child a bubble bath every day: Frequent bathing, especially with bubble baths, can dry out the skin and worsen eczema. It's usually better to limit baths and use gentle, fragrance-free cleansers.

A. Anemia B. Hypolipidemia C. Hyperipidemia D. Hypoproteinemia E. Hypoglycemia

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

A.Anemia can be a common finding in nephrotic syndrome, often due to the loss of proteins like transferrin that are involved in red blood cell production, along with potential blood loss during episodes of proteinuria. The reduction in red blood cell production or anemia in nephrotic syndrome can also be exacerbated by decreased erythropoietin production.

B.Hypolipidemia is not a characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. In fact, nephrotic syndrome is associated with hyperlipidemia.

C.Hyperlipidemia is a classic feature of nephrotic syndrome. It results from an increase in the synthesis of lipoproteins by the liver as a compensatory mechanism to the loss of proteins (particularly albumin) in the urine.

D.Hypoproteinemia, specifically hypoalbuminemia, is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. The loss of protein (especially albumin) through the urine due to damaged glomeruli leads to decreased levels of proteins in the blood. This contributes to the characteristic edema seen in nephrotic syndrome.

E.Hypoglycemiais not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. Instead, children with nephrotic syndrome generally do not experience significant changes in glucose metabolism. In fact, if anything, glucose levels may be slightly elevated in some cases due to stress or steroid treatment.

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A 1-year-old is being screened for retinoblastoma based on family history of the disease. The nurse recognizes which sign as being most characteristic of the disease?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing teaching to a parent of a preschooler who has eczema. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse anticipates that there will be two classic hematologic characteristics in the blood chemistry of a child with nephrotic syndrome which are: (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

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