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The nurse continues to care for the client.
Exhibits
The nurse administers the client's scheduled medication. Which of the following adverse effects of the medication should the nurse monitor the client for? Select all that apply.

Sudden muscular contractions

Orthostatic hypotension

Anticholinergic effects

Tremors

Sedation

Increased urination

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E

Rationale:

A. Sudden muscular contractions: Antipsychotics like haloperidol and chlorpromazine can cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), including acute dystonia, which manifests as sudden, involuntary muscle contractions typically affecting the face, neck, or back.

B. Orthostatic hypotension: Chlorpromazine, a low-potency typical antipsychotic, often causes orthostatic hypotension due to its alpha-adrenergic blockade, increasing fall risk, especially in older adults or those new to therapy.

C. Anticholinergic effects: These include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention. Chlorpromazine is particularly known for its anticholinergic side effects due to its action on muscarinic receptors.

D. Tremors: Tremors are part of parkinsonian side effects, another form of EPS commonly caused by haloperidol. They result from dopamine blockade in the nigrostriatal pathway.

E. Sedation: Both haloperidol and chlorpromazine can cause sedation. Chlorpromazine is especially sedating due to its histamine (H1) receptor blockade, which depresses the CNS.

F. Increased urination: Not typically associated with these medications. In fact, anticholinergic effects from chlorpromazine more often lead to urinary retention, not increased urination.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:

A. "Perform aerobic activities three times per week.": While exercise can be beneficial, excessive aerobic activity may worsen fatigue in clients with MS. Low-impact and well-paced exercise is more appropriate.

B. "Soak in a hot bath.": Heat can exacerbate symptoms in clients with MS by increasing nerve conduction issues, potentially leading to worsening fatigue or vision changes.

C. "Have your partner complete activities of daily living for you.": Encouraging dependence can contribute to decreased function and self-esteem. Clients should be supported to remain as independent as possible within their limits.

D. "Schedule rest periods during the day.": Fatigue is a common symptom of MS. Rest periods help conserve energy and prevent exacerbation of symptoms, promoting better overall functioning.

A. Troponin level B. Serum albumin C. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate D. Serum sodium

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Troponin level: Troponin is a cardiac biomarker used to detect myocardial injury or infarction. It is not an indicator of nutritional status and does not reflect protein levels or nutrient balance.

B. Serum albumin: Albumin is a plasma protein synthesized in the liver and commonly used as a marker of long-term nutritional status. Low levels may suggest protein-energy malnutrition or chronic illness affecting nutrient absorption or intake.

C. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: ESR is a nonspecific marker of inflammation or infection. While chronic disease can indirectly affect nutrition, ESR does not directly assess nutrient levels or dietary sufficiency.

D. Serum sodium: Sodium levels reflect fluid balance and electrolyte status but are not indicators of nutritional status. They may be influenced by hydration, renal function, or hormonal imbalances, not by dietary protein intake.

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The nurse continues to care for the client.Exhibits The nurse administers the client's scheduled medication. Which of the following adverse effects of the medication should the nurse monitor the client for? Select all that apply.

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The nurse continues to care for the client.
Exhibits
The nurse administers the client's scheduled medication. Which of the following adverse effects of the medication should the nurse monitor the client for? Select all that apply.