The nurse dries the neonate thoroughly and promptly changes wet linens. The nurse does so to minimize heat loss via which mechanism?

convection

evaporation

radiation

conduction

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Convection refers to the transfer of heat through air or water, such as when cool air circulates around the baby. While it can contribute to heat loss, drying the baby and changing wet linens specifically addresses evaporation.
B. Evaporation occurs when the baby's skin is wet (such as after birth or during a bath) and heat is lost as the moisture evaporates from the skin. Drying the neonate thoroughly and changing wet linens is aimed at preventing this form of heat loss.
C. Radiation is the transfer of heat from the baby to nearby cooler objects or surfaces (without direct contact), but drying and changing wet linens does not directly address this form of heat loss.
D. Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact with a cooler surface, such as a cold surface or metal. It would be a concern if the baby was placed on a cold surface, but drying the baby helps prevent heat loss via evaporation, not conduction

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Advanced maternal age may increase the risk of certain pregnancy complications, but it is not specifically associated with shoulder dystocia. Other factors, such as fetal size, are more directly related to shoulder dystocia.

B. Polyhydramnios (excess amniotic fluid) can sometimes be associated with complications during labor, but it is not the primary risk factor for shoulder dystocia. The condition most often involves difficulties with the fetal position or size rather than the amount of fluid.

C. Macrosomia (a large baby, typically defined as a birth weight over 8 pounds 13 ounces or 4000g) is the primary risk factor for shoulder dystocia. Shoulder dystocia occurs when the baby’s shoulders become stuck during delivery, often due to the larger size of the baby. The baby’s shoulders may be too broad to pass through the birth canal easily, which increases the likelihood of this complication.

D. Preterm birth is not a significant risk factor for shoulder dystocia. Preterm babies are typically smaller and less likely to encounter the same birth canal obstruction issues associated with shoulder dystocia.

A. "It is possible that your baby experienced birth trauma that has caused some bleeding" B. "Your baby has an infection that will need to be evaluated by the physicians C. "Breastfed babies often experience this type of bleeding problem due to lack of Vitamin K in the mother's milk" D. "Some female infants experience menstruation like symptoms as a result of the mother's hormones

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "It is possible that your baby experienced birth trauma that has caused some bleeding." While birth trauma can cause bleeding, it is not the most common cause of a small blood-tinged area in a newborn's diaper, particularly in female infants. Trauma-related bleeding would typically be more noticeable or involve more significant injury.

B. "Your baby has an infection that will need to be evaluated by the physician." This statement is unlikely, as the presence of a small amount of blood-tinged discharge in a newborn’s diaper is not typically a sign of infection. Infection would present with other symptoms, such as fever, irritability, or abnormal discharge.

C. "Breastfed babies often experience this type of bleeding problem due to lack of Vitamin K in the mother's milk." This is incorrect. Newborns are given a Vitamin K injection shortly after birth to prevent bleeding issues (such as Vitamin K deficiency bleeding). Lack of Vitamin K in the mother's milk is not a cause of blood-tinged discharge in female infants.

D. "Some female infants experience menstruation-like symptoms as a result of the mother's hormones." This is the correct response. A small amount of blood-tinged vaginal discharge (often described as pseudomenstruation) in female newborns is common and occurs due to the influence of the mother's hormones (mainly estrogen) passed to the baby in utero. It typically resolves within a few days to weeks and is considered a normal physiological response.

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The nurse dries the neonate thoroughly and promptly changes wet linens. The nurse does so to minimize heat loss via which mechanism?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse knows that the occurrence of shoulder dystocia during labor is most likely related to which of the following?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The new mother asks the nurse about the presence of a small blood-tinged area on her daughter's diaper. Which response by the nurse would be most accurate?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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