The nurse has administered NPH insulin at 1700.
At what time would the nurse anticipate the peak action of this insulin?
Between 2100 and 0500
There is no peak action with neutral protamine hagedorn insulin
Between 1800 and 2100
At 1930
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that typically peaks 6-12 hours after administration.
Given that the insulin was administered at 1700 (5:00 PM), the peak action would be expected to occur between 2100 (9:00 PM) and 0500 (5:00 AM).
This time frame aligns with the known pharmacokinetics of NPH insulin.
It's crucial for nurses to be aware of the peak action times of different insulin types to effectively manage blood glucose levels and adjust insulin doses accordingly.
Choice B rationale:
Incorrect. NPH insulin does have a peak action, as explained above.
It's important to understand that even intermediate-acting insulins have a period of peak activity when they exert their strongest glucose-lowering effect.
Choice C rationale:
Incorrect. This time frame is too early to represent the peak action of NPH insulin. The peak action typically occurs later, between 6-12 hours after administration.
Choice D rationale:
Incorrect. This time point is too specific to accurately represent the peak action of NPH insulin.
The peak action can vary within the 6-12 hour window, depending on individual factors and injection site.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Calcitonin (Fortical) is a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels. It is not indicated for the treatment of hypocalcemia caused by parathyroid hormone deficiency. In fact, it could worsen the condition by further reducing calcium levels.
Calcitonin is primarily used to treat hypercalcemia (high calcium levels) and osteoporosis.
It works by inhibiting osteoclast activity, which reduces bone resorption and calcium release into the bloodstream.
Choice B rationale:
Calcium is the essential mineral for treating hypocalcemia. It directly replenishes calcium levels in the blood.
Calcium can be administered orally (PO) or intravenously (IVPB), depending on the severity of the hypocalcemia and the patient's condition.
Oral calcium is often preferred for mild to moderate hypocalcemia, while IV calcium is typically used for severe hypocalcemia or when rapid correction is necessary.
Calcium supplements are available in various forms, including calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, and calcium gluconate. The dosage of calcium will be individualized based on the patient's serum calcium levels and clinical response.
Choice C rationale:
Vitamin B12 is not directly involved in calcium regulation. It is essential for red blood cell production and nerve function. While vitamin B12 deficiency can sometimes be associated with hypocalcemia, it is not a primary treatment for this condition. Choice D rationale:
Vitamin D3 (Calcitriol) is a hormone that aids in calcium absorption from the intestines. It is often used in conjunction with calcium supplements to treat hypocalcemia.
However, vitamin D3 alone is not sufficient to treat hypocalcemia caused by parathyroid hormone deficiency. Parathyroid hormone is essential for activating vitamin D3 in the kidneys, so its deficiency limits the effectiveness of vitamin D3.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Prednisolone is a corticosteroid that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects. It does not have a direct effect on urine output.
While it may be used in some cases of head trauma to reduce inflammation, it would not be the first-line choice to address excessive urine output.
Prolonged use of prednisolone can have adverse effects such as fluid retention, weight gain, hypertension, and hyperglycemia.
Choice B rationale:
Corticotropin (ACTH) is a hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. Cortisol has a variety of effects, including increasing blood pressure and blood sugar levels.
It does not have a direct effect on urine output and would not be used to address this issue.
ACTH can have significant side effects, including fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances, and mood changes.
Choice C rationale:
Vasopressin is a hormone that regulates fluid balance in the body. It works by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, which can help to reduce urine output.
It is the most appropriate medication to administer to a client with excessive urine output following head trauma.
Vasopressin can be administered intravenously or subcutaneously. It is important to monitor the client's fluid intake and output closely when administering vasopressin, as it can lead to fluid overload if not used carefully.
Choice D rationale:
Calciferol is a form of vitamin D that helps to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. It does not have a direct effect on urine output.
It would not be used to address excessive urine output in a client with head trauma.
Excessive doses of calciferol can lead to hypercalcemia, which can cause kidney stones, bone pain, and other serious problems.
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