What is the rationale for rotating insulin injection sites?
It prevents insulin resistance
It prevents an allergic reaction
It avoids the development of lipodystrophy
It decreases the potential for insulin shock
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, requiring more insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels.
It's primarily caused by factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and genetic predisposition. Rotating injection sites does not directly address these underlying causes of insulin resistance.
It can help ensure consistent insulin absorption, but it's not the primary mechanism for preventing insulin resistance.
Choice B rationale:
Allergic reactions to insulin are rare but can occur.
They typically manifest as localized symptoms at the injection site, such as redness, swelling, itching, or pain.
In severe cases, systemic reactions like hives, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis can occur.
Rotating injection sites might reduce the risk of localized allergic reactions by preventing repeated exposure to insulin in the same area of skin.
However, it does not prevent systemic allergic reactions, which are immune-mediated and not dependent on the injection site.
Choice C rationale:
Lipodystrophy is a condition characterized by abnormal changes in fat distribution under the skin. It can occur as a complication of repeated insulin injections at the same site.
There are two main types of lipodystrophy:
Lipohypertrophy: This involves the accumulation of excess fatty tissue at injection sites, creating visible lumps or bumps. Lipoatrophy: This involves the loss of fatty tissue at injection sites, leading to depressions or indentations in the skin.
Both lipohypertrophy and lipoatrophy can interfere with insulin absorption, leading to unpredictable blood glucose control.
Rotating injection sites helps to prevent lipodystrophy by distributing insulin injections over a wider area of skin, reducing the likelihood of repeated trauma to the same tissue.
Choice D rationale:
Insulin shock, also known as hypoglycemia, is a condition that occurs when blood glucose levels drop too low.
It can be caused by several factors, including excessive insulin dosing, missed meals, or increased physical activity. Rotating injection sites does not directly affect the risk of insulin shock.
It's essential for individuals using insulin to monitor their blood glucose levels regularly, adjust insulin doses as needed, and follow a balanced diet and exercise plan to prevent hypoglycemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity. It directly counteracts the effects of magnesium on the neuromuscular system, cardiovascular system, and central nervous system. It is essential to have calcium gluconate readily available at the bedside of any client receiving magnesium sulfate, as toxicity can occur quickly and without warning.
Mechanism of action:
Calcium gluconate competes with magnesium for binding sites on cell membranes and proteins. It displaces magnesium from these sites, thereby restoring normal cellular function.
Calcium gluconate also enhances calcium influx into cells, which further counteracts the effects of magnesium. Indications for use in magnesium sulfate toxicity:
Respiratory depression (respiratory rate <12 breaths per minute) Loss of deep tendon reflexes
Seizures
Cardiac arrhythmias (including heart block and cardiac arrest) Hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg)
Dosage and administration:
The typical dose of calcium gluconate for magnesium sulfate toxicity is 1 gram (10 mL of a 10% solution) given IV push over 3- 5 minutes.
This dose may be repeated as needed, depending on the severity of the toxicity and the client's response to treatment. Nursing considerations:
Monitor the client's vital signs, respiratory status, and deep tendon reflexes closely during magnesium sulfate infusion and after administration of calcium gluconate.
Have a crash cart and code equipment readily available in case of cardiac arrest. Document the administration of calcium gluconate and the client's response to treatment.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that typically peaks 6-12 hours after administration.
Given that the insulin was administered at 1700 (5:00 PM), the peak action would be expected to occur between 2100 (9:00 PM) and 0500 (5:00 AM).
This time frame aligns with the known pharmacokinetics of NPH insulin.
It's crucial for nurses to be aware of the peak action times of different insulin types to effectively manage blood glucose levels and adjust insulin doses accordingly.
Choice B rationale:
Incorrect. NPH insulin does have a peak action, as explained above.
It's important to understand that even intermediate-acting insulins have a period of peak activity when they exert their strongest glucose-lowering effect.
Choice C rationale:
Incorrect. This time frame is too early to represent the peak action of NPH insulin. The peak action typically occurs later, between 6-12 hours after administration.
Choice D rationale:
Incorrect. This time point is too specific to accurately represent the peak action of NPH insulin.
The peak action can vary within the 6-12 hour window, depending on individual factors and injection site.
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