The nurse is assisting with planning care for a client who has a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Which of the following relates to a high mortality rate for a client who has an SAH?

Poor functional ability

Rebleeding of the injury

Decreased cerebrospinal fluid

Use of nimodipine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Poor functional ability: While poor functional ability may impact the overall prognosis and quality of life for a client with a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), it is not directly associated with a high mortality rate. Functional ability can be improved with rehabilitation and supportive care.

B. Rebleeding of the injury: Rebleeding of the SAH is a significant risk factor associated with a high mortality rate. Rebleeding can lead to increased intracranial pressure, worsening neurological deficits, and even death. Preventing rebleeding is a critical aspect of managing SAH to improve outcomes.

C. Decreased cerebrospinal fluid: Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may indicate conditions such as hydrocephalus, which can complicate the management of SAH. However, it is not directly associated with a high mortality rate compared to rebleeding.

D. Use of nimodipine: Nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker commonly used in the management of SAH to prevent cerebral vasospasm, which can lead to ischemia and worsen outcomes. While nimodipine plays a role in improving outcomes by preventing vasospasm, its use is not directly associated with mortality rates.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Your heart condition is caused by excessive stretching of the ventricles": This statement is incorrect. Excessive stretching of the ventricles typically occurs in dilated cardiomyopathy, not restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). In RCM, the primary issue is not excessive stretching but rather stiffening of the ventricular walls.

B. "Your heart condition is caused from stiffening of the walls of the ventricles": This statement is correct. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is characterized by abnormal stiffening (fibrosis) of the ventricular walls, which impairs the heart's ability to fill properly during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle. This stiffening restricts the heart's ability to relax and fill with blood efficiently.

C. "Your heart condition is caused by thickening of the ventricular walls and septum": This statement describes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), not restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). In HCM, there is abnormal thickening of the ventricular walls and septum, leading to impaired filling of the ventricles and potential obstruction of blood flow out of the heart.

D. "Your heart condition is caused when the ventricular tissue becomes fibrous and fatty": This statement describes arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), not restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). ARVC is characterized by replacement of myocardial tissue with fibrous and fatty tissue, primarily affecting the right ventricle.

A. "l should not drive while taking this new medication." B. "This new medication may decrease my sex drive." C. "This medication can make me have mood swings." D. "l may have frequent hiccups while taking this medication." E. "l may have urinary incontinence while taking this medication."

Correct Answer is ["A"]

Explanation

A. "I should not drive while taking this new medication."

Carvedilol is a beta blocker commonly prescribed for conditions like cardiomyopathy. One of the potential side effects of beta blockers, including carvedilol, is dizziness or drowsiness. These effects can occur, particularly when starting the medication or when the dosage is increased. Therefore, it's crucial for patients to understand that they may experience these symptoms and should avoid activities that require alertness, such as driving or operating heavy machinery, until they are aware of how the medication affects them. This precaution helps ensure their safety and the safety of others on the road.

B. "This new medication may decrease my sex drive."

Sexual dysfunction, including decreased libido or erectile dysfunction, is a recognized side effect of beta blockers like carvedilol. These medications can affect the autonomic nervous system and interfere with normal sexual function in some individuals. It's essential for patients to be aware of this potential side effect and to discuss any concerns with their healthcare provider. Open communication about sexual health can help address any issues that arise and explore alternative treatment options if necessary.

C. "This medication can make me have mood swings."

While mood changes are possible side effects of some medications, including certain classes of antidepressants or corticosteroids, they are not typically associated with beta blockers like carvedilol. Beta blockers primarily affect the cardiovascular system by blocking the effects of adrenaline, leading to decreased heart rate and blood pressure. While some patients may experience fatigue or depression as a side effect of beta blockers, mood swings are not a common manifestation. Therefore, this statement does not accurately reflect the potential side effects of carvedilol.

D. "I may have frequent hiccups while taking this medication."

While gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea are possible with carvedilol, frequent hiccups are not a commonly reported side effect of this medication. Hiccups, though often benign, can occasionally be bothersome or indicative of an underlying issue. However, they are not typically associated with beta blockers like carvedilol. Therefore, this statement does not accurately reflect the potential side effects of the medication.

E. "I may have urinary incontinence while taking this medication."

Urinary incontinence is a potential side effect of beta blockers like carvedilol. These medications can affect bladder function by relaxing the smooth muscle of the bladder and urethra, leading to urinary retention or incontinence in some individuals. Patients should be aware of this possibility and discuss any urinary symptoms with their healthcare provider. Depending on the severity of the symptoms, adjustments to the medication regimen or additional treatments may be necessary to manage urinary incontinence effectively.

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The nurse is assisting with planning care for a client who has a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Which of the following relates to a high mortality rate for a client who has an SAH?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client who has restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the client teaching to explain the cause of RCM?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has cardiomyopathy about the side effects of their new prescription beta blocker, carvedilol. Which of the following client statements should indicate to the nurse that the client understands the teaching? (select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A"]

Explanation

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