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The nurse is aware that a definitive diagnosis of cirrhosis is made based on the results of which diagnostic or laboratory test?

A.

Liver biopsy

B.

Elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

C.

Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

D.

Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. A liver biopsy provides direct histological examination of liver tissue, making it the definitive method for diagnosing cirrhosis by revealing the extent of fibrosis and architectural distortion.

B. Elevated AST can suggest liver injury but is not specific or conclusive for cirrhosis.

C. Elevated ALT is also a nonspecific marker of liver damage and cannot alone confirm cirrhosis.

D. Elevated LDH may occur in liver disease but is a general marker of tissue breakdown and lacks diagnostic specificity for cirrhosis.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Maintaining NPO status is appropriate to prepare for possible surgery and prevent complications like aspiration.

B. Monitoring temperature helps detect fever or worsening infection and is a standard part of assessment.

C. Providing pain relief is appropriate and humane, even if appendicitis is suspected. It should not delay diagnosis.

D. Sodium biphosphate/sodium phosphate is a laxative and should be avoided in suspected appendicitis, as stimulating bowel activity can increase the risk of perforation. This order should be clarified.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Red currant jelly stool is characteristic of intussusception, not pyloric stenosis.

B. Distended neck veins are not associated with pyloric stenosis and are more indicative of cardiac conditions.

C. Projectile vomiting, especially after feeding, is a classic symptom of pyloric stenosis due to obstruction of the gastric outlet.

D. A ridged abdomen may suggest peritonitis or other acute abdominal conditions but is not a typical finding in pyloric stenosis.

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