The nurse is caring for a 52-year-old male patient with a bowel obstruction. Which of these signs would be the earliest indicator to the nurse that the patient is developing symptoms of shock?

Urine output 18 mL/hr.

Blood pressure 88/50 mmHg.

Lethargy.

Pulse 110 bpm.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: A urine output of 18 mL/hr is significantly lower than the normal range (typically around 0.5-1 mL/kg/hr), indicating possible renal hypoperfusion, an early sign of shock.

Choice B reason: While blood pressure is an important indicator, it may not drop until later stages of shock.

Choice C reason: Lethargy can be a sign of shock, but it is a more subjective and later symptom compared to the objective measure of urine output.

Choice D reason: An elevated pulse is a compensatory mechanism in shock, but it is not as specific an early indicator as a decrease in urine output.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E","F"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Forming new relationships easily is not typically associated with PTSD.

Choice B reason: Chemical dependency can be a coping mechanism for those with PTSD.

Choice C reason: Feelings of low self-esteem are common in individuals with PTSD.

Choice D reason: Social integration is not a symptom of PTSD; rather, individuals may struggle with social interactions.

Choice E reason: Flashbacks are a hallmark symptom of PTSD, where individuals relive the traumatic event.

Choice F reason: Irritability is a common symptom of PTSD, often due to heightened arousal and anxiety.

A. Primarily related to a disturbed mother-child relationship B. Brain damage caused by the mother's use of tranquilizers during pregnancy C. An alteration in opioid receptors D. A brain disorder

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: The theory that schizophrenia is primarily related to a disturbed mother-child relationship is outdated and not supported by current research.

Choice B reason: While prenatal factors may contribute to the risk, schizophrenia is not solely caused by brain damage from the mother's use of tranquilizers during pregnancy.

Choice C reason: Alterations in opioid receptors are not currently considered a primary cause of schizophrenia.

Choice D reason: Schizophrenia is considered a brain disorder, with current research focusing on a combination of genetic and environmental factors, brain chemistry, and structure.

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The nurse is caring for a 52-year-old male patient with a bowel obstruction. Which of these signs would be the earliest indicator to the nurse that the patient is developing symptoms of shock?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E","F"]

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Correct Answer is D

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