The nurse is caring for a client suspected of having an endocrine disorder.
Based on the client's laboratory data, the client is at the highest risk for which condition?
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Cushing's syndrome/disease
Adrenal insufficiency
Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale: These lab findings, particularly concentrated urine (high specific gravity) and hyponatremia, are consistent with SIADH, where excessive ADH secretion leads to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia.
Choice B rationale: While it can affect sodium levels, Cushing's syndrome typically results in hypernatremia or normal sodium levels rather than hyponatremia.
Choice C rationale: Usually presents with hyponatremia but not specifically with high urine specific gravity or hematocrit.
Choice D rationale: DI is associated with high serum sodium and low urine specific gravity due to excessive excretion of dilute urine.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Petit mal seizures, also known as absence seizures, involve a sudden lapse in consciousness for a brief duration, typically 5 to 30 seconds.
Choice B rationale: Clonic seizures involve rhythmic jerking movements.
Choice C rationale: Tonic-clonic seizures involve both tonic (muscle stiffness) and clonic (rhythmic jerking) phases.
Choice D rationale: Tonic seizures involve muscle stiffness but don't usually present as sudden lapses of consciousness in a short duration.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale: This is a positive Trousseau's sign, which indicates hypocalcemia or tetany. It is not related to meningitis or meningeal irritation.
Choice B rationale: Kernig's sign is indicated when there is resistance and pain with knee extension and hip flexion, suggesting meningeal irritation.
Choice C rationale: This is a positive Homan's sign, which indicates deep vein thrombosis or phlebitis. It is not related to meningitis or meningeal irritation.
Choice D rationale: This is a sign of nuchal rigidity, which indicates meningeal irritation, but it is not specific to Kernig's sign. Nuchal rigidity can also be caused by other conditions such as cervical arthritis or muscle spasm.
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