The nurse is caring for a newborn with suspected Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA). What signs and symptoms should the nurse expect to find when assessing the newborn? (Select All That Apply).
Upon auscultation, clear bilateral breath sounds.
Dyspnea.
Upon auscultation a machine-like murmur in the right upper sternal border.
Cyanosis.
Difficulty feeding
Correct Answer : B,C,E
A. Clear bilateral breath sounds are not typical in PDA; instead, crackles or signs of respiratory distress may be present.
B. Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is common due to the increased pulmonary blood flow from the PDA.
C. A machine-like murmur heard at the right upper sternal border is characteristic of PDA.
D. Cyanosis is typically not present in isolated PDA unless the PDA is large and leads to right-to-left shunting.
E. Difficulty feeding is a common symptom because the newborn may tire easily due to inefficient circulation and increased work of breathing.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Low levels of AFP are not diagnostic of any condition, but they could indicate a potential issue, requiring further investigation.
B. A negative AFP test does not rule out genetic issues, as AFP is just one screening tool.
C. High levels of AFP may indicate a neural tube defect or other issues and warrant further testing, such as ultrasound or amniocentesis.
D. An elevated AFP level is associated with neural tube defects but does not definitively indicate the presence of one without further testing.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Increased somnolence or lethargy is a common sign of increased intracranial pressure in infants.
B. Increased heart rate may initially occur but can later slow down as intracranial pressure rises, leading to bradycardia.
C. Depressed fontanels are indicative of dehydration, not increased intracranial pressure. Bulging fontanels are more indicative of increased intracranial pressure.
D. Brisk pupillary reaction to light is normal; a sluggish or absent reaction could indicate increased intracranial pressure.
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