The nurse is caring for a newborn with suspected Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA). What signs and symptoms should the nurse expect to find when assessing the newborn? (Select All That Apply).

Upon auscultation, clear bilateral breath sounds.

Dyspnea.

Upon auscultation a machine-like murmur in the right upper sternal border.

Cyanosis.

Difficulty feeding

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

A.   Clear bilateral breath sounds are not typical in PDA; instead, crackles or signs of respiratory distress may be present.
B.   Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is common due to the increased pulmonary blood flow from the PDA.
C.   A machine-like murmur heard at the right upper sternal border is characteristic of PDA.
D.   Cyanosis is typically not present in isolated PDA unless the PDA is large and leads to right-to-left shunting.
E.   Difficulty feeding is a common symptom because the newborn may tire easily due to inefficient circulation and increased work of breathing.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Tachycardia can occur with a brain tumor due to increased intracranial pressure and systemic stress responses.
B. Hyporeflexia is not a typical sign of a brain tumor. Hyperreflexia or changes in reflexes may be seen with central nervous system involvement.
C. Decreased appetite is more common due to nausea, vomiting, and other neurological symptoms associated with brain tumors.
D. A negative Babinski reflex is normal in children over 2 years old, and a positive Babinski reflex (extending the toes) may indicate neurological involvement, not a typical finding in brain tumors.

A. Edema with normal or low BP B. Edema with hypertension C. Unexpected weight loss D. Frequency and urgency

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Edema with normal or low BP is correct. In nephrotic syndrome, fluid retention leads to edema, and blood pressure is typically normal or low due to the loss of protein in the urine and reduced plasma oncotic pressure.
B. Edema with hypertension is less common in nephrotic syndrome but may occur in cases with significant fluid retention or other complications.
C. Unexpected weight loss is incorrect. Weight gain due to fluid retention is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome.
D. Frequency and urgency are not common symptoms of nephrotic syndrome; these are more typical of urinary tract infections.

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The nurse is caring for a newborn with suspected Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA). What signs and symptoms should the nurse expect to find when assessing the newborn? (Select All That Apply).

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse on an oncology unit is assessing a child who has a brain tumor. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a child who has nephrotic syndrome. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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