A nurse notices a school-age child with leukemia experiencing severe nausea and vomiting when receiving chemotherapy for the first time. Which is the most appropriate nursing action to prevent or minimize these reactions with subsequent treatments?

Administer an antiemetic as soon as the child complains of having nausea.

Encourage drinking large amounts of favorite fluids.

Administer an antiemetic before chemotherapy begins.

Encourage the child to skip meals on the day of chemotherapy to avoid triggering nausea.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Administering an antiemetic only when the child complains of nausea may not be effective in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea.
B.   Encouraging drinking fluids is important, but it is not the most effective way to manage nausea.
C.   Administering an antiemetic before chemotherapy begins is the best approach to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy.
D.   Skipping meals may contribute to nausea and malnutrition, so this is not an appropriate approach.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While morphine can help to relieve anxiety and pain, it does not address the underlying cause of a hypercyanotic spell, which is the right-to-left shunting. The first step should be positioning the infant properly.
B. Although oxygen is helpful, it will not be as effective as using the knee-to-chest position to alleviate the underlying circulatory issue causing the hypercyanotic spell.
C. While comforting the child is important, a pacifier will not help in alleviating the hypercyanotic spell and is not the primary intervention in this emergency situation.
D. In a hypercyanotic spell, the priority is to increase systemic vascular resistance to decrease the right- to-left shunting of blood. The knee-to-chest position is effective for this, as it increases the resistance in the lower extremities, helping to improve oxygenation.

A. Dress the child in woolen clothes during cold months. B. Encourage the parent to bathe the child daily with hot water and mild soap to keep the skin clean. C. Instruct the parent to dress the child in loose-fitting cotton clothing to help prevent irritation. D. Suggest to the parent to avoid using any moisturizers on the child's skin to prevent further irritation.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Woolen clothes may irritate the skin and should be avoided by children with eczema.
B. Hot water and frequent baths can dry out and irritate the skin, worsening eczema. Lukewarm water is recommended.
C. Loose cotton clothing helps to minimize irritation and sweating, which can worsen eczema symptoms.
D. Moisturizers are essential for managing eczema and preventing skin dryness. They should be used regularly.

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A nurse notices a school-age child with leukemia experiencing severe nausea and vomiting when receiving chemotherapy for the first time. Which is the most appropriate nursing action to prevent or minimize these reactions with subsequent treatments?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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