The nurse is evaluating the effects of the prescribed carvedilol 6.25 mg PO daily for a client with a history of unstable angina. Which of the following reflects that the medication has been effective?

Choice A reason: The client requires additional teaching if they state that they can have aspirin for pain after the bone marrow aspiration. Aspirin is a drug that inhibits platelet aggregation and increases the risk of bleeding. ¹ The client should avoid aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for at least 48 hours after the procedure. ² The client should use acetaminophen or another pain reliever that does not affect blood clotting.

Choice B reason: The client does not require additional teaching if they state that the nurse will check the puncture site at least every 4 hours after the procedure. This is a correct statement, as the nurse should monitor the site for signs of bleeding, infection, or hematoma. ² The nurse should also apply pressure and a sterile dressing to the site and instruct the client to keep it dry and clean for 24 hours.

Choice C reason: The client does not require additional teaching if they state that they will have some pain that is similar to a toothache. This is a correct statement, as the client may experience mild to moderate pain at the site of the aspiration, which may radiate to the hip or back. ² The pain usually subsides within a few hours or days.

Choice D reason: The client does not require additional teaching if they state that they understand that this is a sterile procedure. This is a correct statement, as the bone marrow aspiration is performed under sterile conditions to prevent infection. ² The nurse should wear gloves, gown, mask, and eye protection and use a sterile needle, syringe, and antiseptic solution.

Choice A reason: Pregnancy can increase the frequency and severity of sickle cell crises⁵⁶. Regular prenatal care is especially important for women with sickle cell disease⁵⁶. Therefore, it's crucial for a young female adult with sickle cell anemia to be aware that pregnancy increases the risk of crisis.

Choice B reason: Low oxygen levels can trigger a sickle cell crisis³. Therefore, avoiding travel to cities where the oxygen level is lower can help prevent crises.

Choice C reason: While regular, moderate exercise can be beneficial, strenuous exercise can lead to dehydration and fatigue, which can trigger a sickle cell crisis⁹[^10^]¹¹. Therefore, the statement that strenuous exercise prevents the development of sickle cell crisis is not accurate.

Choice D reason: Commercial airlines have controlled cabin pressure and oxygen levels, so flying is generally safe for individuals with sickle cell disease¹²³. However, it's always best to discuss travel plans with a healthcare provider³. Therefore, avoiding flying on commercial airlines is not necessarily a requirement.

Choice E reason: Dehydration can increase the risk of a sickle cell crisis, so it's important to drink plenty of fluids, especially in hot weather³.